该地块位于历史悠久的格拉诺尔市中心,位于党墙之间的城市住宅结构中。可利用的空间狭长,只有6.5米宽;从两条街道可以进入。由于现有建筑破旧不堪,只有主立面保存完好,具有一定的文物价值,可以保留下来。

The plot is located in the historical city centre of Granollers and placed into an urban fabric of dwellings between party walls. The available space is narrow and elongated, only 6.5 m wide; and accessible from two streets. Owing to the dilapidated state of the existing building, only the main façade, reasonably well preserved offering a certain heritage value,could be maintained.

业主的愿望是在房子里区分出两个区域:一个是家庭生活区,在这里进行日常的家庭生活;另一个是次要的区域,与第一个区域完全隔离,功能独立,可以作为起居室使用,也可以用来接待偶尔来访的客人以及组织用餐和聚会。

The desire of the owners was to differentiate two zones in the house: the domestic area, where the daily family life had to take place; and a secondary area, quite and isolated from the first, functionally independent to be used indistinctly as a living room or to welcome occasional guests as well as organizing meals and gatherings.According to planning regulation in street alignment the partition in two areas along the plot appears automatically.The domestic area is placed towards the main street, while the west side of the plot, isolated and separated by the central garden, becomes a segregated zone for vehicle access.

地块的东西向和通道的狭窄使得整个街道立面很难获得良好的太阳能增益。这种情况,再加上难以实现底层的私密性,导致我们将建筑从前面的街道线后移,在房屋两侧建立了通道天井。 这些天井允许上层太阳能的获得,同时也创造了过渡空间,既是街道和房子之间的物理空间,也是室外和室内气候之间的过渡空间。半遮盖和可行的空间与可伸缩的屋顶顶部允许捕获能源在冬季时间以及通过夏季通风。这样一来,从中央主干道进入的行人和从对面进入的车辆都得到了解决,避免了典型的次要的、经常被忽视的空间,而这些空间往往是由这种用途产生的。 这些空间的私密性、采光、空间和热舒适性,使房子从头到尾都能被使用和感知,没有任何隐藏或剩余的空间。这些生物气候空间成为连接一条街道和另一条街道的一系列区域的第一步,沿途提供各种条件、特征和属性,彼此之间有明显的区别。这些空间和热力条件的增加,创造了一个53米长的底层,总面积345平方米,专门用于最频繁和集体使用的房子。它同时也是一条长长的连续走廊,分别通往位于上层和地下室的私人和服务区。

The east-west orientation of the plot and the narrowness of the access streets made it difficult to achieve a good solar gain throughout the street façades. This circumstance, added to the difficulties to achieve privacy in the ground floor, led us to move back the building from the front street line, creating access patios both sides of the house. These patios allow upper solar gain and at the same time create transition spaces, both physically between the street and the house, and between outdoor and indoor climate. Semi covered and practicable spaces with retractable roofs tops allow capturing energy during winter time as well as ventilation through summer. This way both, pedestrian entrance from main central street and vehicles access from the opposite side are solved, avoiding typical secondary and often neglected spaces that are often generated by this kind of uses. The qualities of privacy, light, space and thermal comfort of these spaces allow the house to be used and perceived from end to end, without any hidden or residual space. These bioclimatic spaces become the first step of a sequence of areas linking one street to the other offering all along a great variety of conditions, characteristics and properties clearly differentiated among themselves. The addition of this sequence of spaces and thermal conditions creates a ground floor 53 m long totaling 345 m² dedicated to the most frequent and collective use of the house. It works at the same time as a long continuous hallway, giving access to the private and service areas of the house located in the upper floor and the basement, respectively.

每一个房间都被单独处理,但又小心翼翼地与下一个房间相连,清楚地确定了每一个空间的具体用途都是,同时也是一个整体的一部分。这种方法帮助外部空间达到了生活空间的质量,因此成为了房子的一个多房间。这样一来,这个主底层结合了不同的室内房间、较低或较高的屋顶、较长的半室外有顶和生物气候的房间以及有顶和无顶的室外房间。

Each one of the rooms was individually treated yet carefully connected with the next one, clearly identifying the specific use of each space being all, at the same time, part of a whole. This approach helps exterior spaces to achieve the quality of a living space, therefore becoming one more room of the house. This way, this main ground floor combines different interior rooms, lower or higher roofs, longer, semi-exterior covered and bioclimatic rooms as well as covered and uncovered outdoor rooms.

空间的序列造成了某种模糊性,即什么是室内空间或室外空间。同时,室外空间被有意区分开来,因此,绿化和自然陶瓷的存在有助于在没有景观的地块中创造真正的景观印象。 基于空间顺序的组织,完全与房屋的结构系统有关,因此选择了一种能够从物质上加强房屋类型的墙体系统。承重墙包含了每一个空间,限制了空间的大小和空间之间的开孔比例,这样的结构极大地影响了人们在房子里的体验和感知。不同的陶瓷材料、不同的表皮纹理、墙体厚度、湿度和热惯性的自我调节能力,这些都是每个空间类型的经验。空间是结构,结构配置空间。

The sequence of spaces creates some kind of ambiguity about what is an interior or exterior space. At the same time, outdoor spaces are intentionally differentiated, so the presence of greenery and natural ceramic helps creating genuine landscape impressions in a plot without views. The organization, based on sequenced spaces, is totally related to the structural system of the house, opting consequently for a walling system that materially reinforces the typology of the house. Load bearing walls embrace every space limiting both the size as well as the proportion of the openings between spaces in such a way that the structure drastically conditions the experience and perceptions while in the house. Variety of ceramic materials, different skin textures, walls thickness and the capacity for self regulation of humidity and thermal inertia are experiences identifying every space typology. Space is the structure and the structure configures the space.

不同结构单元之间的关系产生不连续性,需要解决,成为组织砖砌体和创建后压梁的机会,实心砖层将被加强。承重墙在门槛和门楣之间以条带形式分层,形成密度梯度,从底层较薄较坚固的砖块到上层较厚有孔的砖块。砌体工程的不同结构要求产生了不同的节奏和质感,实现了新的表现力。

Relationship between different structural units produces discontinuities that need to be solved, becoming as an opportunity to organize brick masonry and creating post-compressed beams where solid brick layers will be reinforced. Load bearing walls are stratified in strips between ledges and lintels creating a gradient of densities from the thinner and more solid pieces in the ground floor, to the thicker and perforated pieces of the upper floors. Diverse structural requirements of the masonry work produce different rhythms and textures achieving new expressivities.

材料和空间分布优先考虑房屋的最佳被动行为,从生物气候天井开始,不仅保证了15-25ºC之间的热稳定性,即中间改善气候,而且减少了与这些天井直接相关的空间的能源需求。结构体系和双层砖墙外立面,填充了10cm的隔离木纤维,保证了热隔离和室内热惰性之间非常好的关系。

Materials and spaces distribution prioritizes optimal passive behavior of the house, starting from bioclimatic patios that not only ensure thermal stability between 15 and 25ºC, an intermediate and improved climate, but also reducing the energy demand of the spaces directly related with those patios. The structural system and the double brick wall facade, filled with a 10cm isolating wood fiber, guarantee a very good relation between the thermal isolation and the indoor thermal inertia.

悬挂在砖墙外侧的防晒元件防止了热桥,但又与窗洞脱离,作为一个次要的、更有活力的元素,是一个适合多年来改变或替换的环境附加物。

The solar protection elements hung from the exterior brick wall preventing thermal bridges yet disassociated from the window opening, as a secondary and more dynamic element, a circumstantial addition suitable to be changed or replaced over the years.

最后,房子通过辐射系统与地热系统相连,使其与地面进行被动交换。除了辐射地板,金属板复合材料板–由地面激活的结构作为大型散热器或辐射表面–在夏季帮助散热。这种与地面温度相联系的高内部惯性使其能够在四季中以最低的能量消耗实现非常稳定的热行为。

Finally the house is climatized by radiant systems linked to a geothermal system to allow passive exchange with the ground. Additional to the radiant floors, metallic sheet composite-slabs -structures activated by the ground working as large radiators or radiant surfaces- help dissipating the heat during summer. This high internal inertia linked to the ground temperature allows achieving a very stable thermal behavior over the seasons with the lowest energetic consumption.

建筑师:H Arquitectes
面积: 637 m²
年份:2014年
照片:Adrià Goula
合作者:Blai Cabrero Bosch, Montse Fornés Guàrdia, Carla Piñol Moreno
室内设计:Fátima Vilaseca
工料测量师:Ramon Anton
结构工程师:DSM arquitectes
保险:Igetech / Àbac enginyers
景观:Anna Esteve
负责建筑师:David Lorente, Josep Ricart, Xavier Ros, Roger Tudó
城市 : Granollers
国家:西班牙
Architects: H Arquitectes
Area: 637 m²
Year: 2014
photographs: Adrià Goula
Collaborators:Blai Cabrero Bosch, Montse Fornés Guàrdia, Carla Piñol Moreno
Interior Design:Fátima Vilaseca
Quantity Surveyor:Ramon Anton
Structural Engineer:DSM arquitectes
Insallations:Igetech / Àbac enginyers
Landscape:Anna Esteve
Architect In Charge:David Lorente, Josep Ricart, Xavier Ros, Roger Tudó
City:Granollers
Country:Spain