在柏林的生活。在过去的几十年里，伴随着房地产鲨鱼、大投资者和持续的绅士化的日常老鼠竞赛，一种流行的替代模式–住房合作社–已经越来越多。由15个家庭组成的Baugruppe D2有幸得到了新克尔恩中心区最后的一块建筑地块。他们在IFUB*的任务是设计一个生态、友好而又现代的房子，很好地融入城市的环境，有大量的绿色植物和庭院及屋顶的公共空间。在柏林，当涉及到创造新的生活空间时，Baugruppen是一种流行的方法。几方联合起来，汇集他们共同的兴趣和资金，建造一个或多个房屋。Baugruppen结合了公寓（私人拥有的单位）和住房合作社（共享公共空间的所有权）的优势。这种模式的好处是什么？未来的业主从第一天起就参与到这个过程中，并能在项目的概念和设计中发挥积极作用。

Life in Berlin. Over the past few decades, alongside the daily rat race of real estate sharks, big investors and ongoing gentrification, a popular alternative model – the housing cooperative – has been gaining ground. The Baugruppe D2, consisting of 15 families, was fortunate enough to get hold of one of the last building plots in central Neukölln. Their task for the IFUB* was to design an ecological, friendly, yet modern house that is well integrated into the city surroundings, with plenty of greenery and both courtyard and rooftop communal spaces. Baugruppen are a popular approach in Berlin when it comes to creating new living space. Several parties join forces, pooling their common interests and finances, to build one or more houses. Baugruppen combine the advantages of a condo (privately-owned units) with those of a housing cooperative (shared-ownership of communal spaces). The beauty of this model? The future owners are involved in the process from day one and can take an active role in the project’s concept and design.

Donaustraße 2的地块在前住户（一家车间和车库租赁公司）倒闭时只建了一部分。然后，该地块被卖给了一个由几个年轻家庭组成的合作社。至少可以说，新开发项目的规划是复杂的。狭长的地块包括一个面向街道的小区域，很适合建筑，但也有一个大而狭窄的庭院，也需要用来作为生活空间。建筑用地的成本不断上升，柏林的住房状况已经很紧张，这意味着最大限度地利用空间是一个基本要求。指定的建筑地块位于长街南端的一个小T形路口，在街区的边缘形成了一个缺口，需要根据建筑规定进行填补。为了应对这个特殊的位置，新的正面建筑被设计成一个引人注目的尖顶，在视觉上与邻近建筑的街边屋檐相呼应，并平衡了左右相邻建筑不同的屋檐高度。外立面，其点状的窗户和对比鲜明的底座，进一步促进了建筑与城市空间的和谐融合。一楼由两个商业单位组成，以振兴社区。五颜六色的琉璃叮当，让人联想到20世纪70年代新克尔恩的外墙，也为该小区的后部建筑提供了视觉参考。

The plot at Donaustraße 2 was only partially built on when the former occupiers, a workshop and garage rental company, went out of business. The site was then sold to a cooperative of several young families. Planning the new development proved complex, to say the least. The elongated plot included one small area facing the street that lent itself well to building, but also a large, narrow courtyard that also needed to be utilized for living space. The rising cost of building land and an already stretched housing situation in Berlin meant that maximizing the use of the space was a fundamental requirement. The designated building plot, situated on a small T-junction at the southern end of a long street, the Pannierstraße, formed a gap at the edge of the block that needed to be filled according to building regulations. To respond to this specific location, the new front building was designed with a striking pinnacle, visually echoing the streetside gables of neighboring buildings and balancing the varying eave heights of adjacent ones to the left and right. The facade, with its punctuated windows and contrasting base, further contribute to the building’s harmonious integration into the urban space. The first floor is comprised of two commercial units to revitalize the neighborhood. The colorful glazed clinkers, reminiscent of Neukölln’s facades of the 1970s, also provide a visual reference to the plot’s rear building.

前屋的后面是宽敞的、朝南的阳台，这暗示了一个特殊的特点：前屋的所有住宅楼层都被设计成可以作为一个大公寓或两个小公寓使用。为未来的转换做准备是设计耐用和持久的建筑的一个重要因素。这就是为什么前屋的公寓被设计成可以在以后很容易地被分割或合并。院子里的花园洋房建在现有的防火墙上，高度错落有致，以符合法律规定的后退。朝南和朝东的露台被设计成梯田，以提供最大的户外休闲空间。正如这个从前面的房子到花园房子的景观所展示的那样，即使是防火墙也可以看起来很好! 消防安全法规要求花园洋房前面的开放式消防通道必须由不燃材料包围。通过纳入这一措施，可以避免为消防部门的通道指定空间，因此整个院子可以变成一个花园。自行车和垃圾桶可以存放在地下室，从而保持该区域的不乱。

To the rear of the front house are generous, south-facing balconies, which hint toward a special feature: all residential floors of the front house are designed in such a way that they can be used as either one large or two smaller apartments. Provisioning for future conversions is an essential factor in the design of durable and long-lasting buildings. That is why the apartments in the front house have been designed so that they can be easily divided or combined at a later date. The garden house in the courtyard was built onto the existing fire wall and staggered in height to comply with the legally designated setbacks. The south and east facing decks were designed as terraces to provide maximum outdoor amenity space. As this view from the front house to the garden house demonstrates, even fire walls can look good! Fire safety regulations require that the open fire escape on the front of the garden house be surrounded by non-combustible materials. By incorporating this measure, it was possible to avoid designating space for fire department access, so the whole courtyard could be transformed into a garden. Bicycles and wastebins can be stored in the basement, thus keeping the area uncluttered.

这些防火的彩色熟料似乎从前面建筑的地面涌向花园住宅的外墙，直接蔓延到花园住宅，简直是伸向天空。建筑法规对体积的限制意味着花园洋房的平面图比前屋的平面图明显更加多样化。从紧凑的1.5个房间的公寓到6个房间的小套房，生活空间的混合确保了所有新居民的个人愿望都能得到满足。另一个亮点是：一楼的公寓没有阳台，而是各自拥有自己的小花园。该建筑的一个特点是在外墙上使用了不同的材料。前面的房子采用落叶松木，由于其宽幅面板和无接缝安装，与相邻建筑的统一石膏外墙相得益彰，同时也展示了相当不寻常的木材夹层建筑方法。白色玻璃的木窗和镀锌钢闪光灯完善了外墙。

The fire-proof, colored clinkers appear to spring from the front building’s ground level to the facade of the garden house, spreading right across it and literally reaching for the sky. Volume restrictions imposed by building regulations meant that the floor plans in the garden house are significantly more heterogeneous than that of the front house. From the compact, 1.5-room apartment to the 6-room maisonette, the mix of living spaces ensured that the individual wishes of all the new residents could be catered for. Another highlight: instead of a balcony, the apartments on the first floor each have their own small garden. One special feature of the build is the use of different materials on the facade. The front house is clad in larch wood, which, due to its broad format panels and jointless installation, compliments the uniform plaster facades of adjacent buildings, while at the same time showcasing the rather unusual timber sandwich construction method. White-glazed wooden windows and galvanized steel flashing complete the facade.

釉面熟料砖片是从柏林附近的一家当地制造商那里采购的。前面建筑的基座和花园住宅的防火墙上的欢快、明亮的设计成为两座建筑的统一元素。不易燃烧的包层不仅在消防通道周围的墙壁上是必要的，而且在整个外墙也是必要的。因此，除了熟料砖片外，其余的外墙都选择了未经处理的（因此100%可回收）波纹铝板。木材被批准用于外墙本身以及阳台和窗户，使前部和后部建筑不仅通过窗户设计，而且通过材料相互交流。彩色织物遮阳篷使整个画面更加完整。

The glazed clinker brick slips were sourced from a local manufacturer near Berlin. A cheerful, brightly colored design on the base of the front building and fire wall of the garden house becomes a unifying element to both buildings. Non-combustible cladding was not only necessary on the walls surrounding the fire escape, but also the entire facade. Therefore, in addition to the clinker brick slips, untreated (and hence 100% recyclable) corrugated aluminum sheeting was selected for the rest of the facade. Wood was approved for the outer wall itself, as well as balconies and windows, allowing the front and rear building to speak to each other not only via the window design, but also through the material. Colored fabric awnings complete the picture.

三种立面材料一目了然： 前面的房子采用落叶松板，花园的房子采用铝材，两栋楼都采用彩色熟料。以独特的交叉网格为特征的窗户，安装在离地面45厘米的地方，因此可以作为窗户的座位。沿着庭院房屋的长度的花园被分配给相邻的公寓。花园式住宅和前屋之间的中央内院为整个住宅社区保留，并设有一个可直接进入的公共房间–一个可用于各种用途的灵活空间。私人花园特意没有围栏，而是用种植的木板隔开–与地块中使用的所有其他植物一样，这些木板上都有可食用的果实。此外，每一个可能的垂直和水平表面都被种植起来，尽管这些植物需要几年的时间才能盛开。

Three facade materials at a glance: Larch panels on the front house, aluminum on the garden house and colored clinkers on both buildings. The windows, featuring the distinctive cross grid, were installed 45cm above the ground and hence serve as possible windows seats. The gardens along the length of the courtyard house are assigned to the adjoining apartments. The central inner courtyard between the garden house and front house is reserved for the whole residential community and features a directly accessible common room – a flexible space for a variety of uses. The private gardens deliberately lack fences and are partitioned off using planted boarders – which, like all other the other plants used in the plot, bear edible fruit. Moreover, every possible vertical and horizontal surface has been planted up, though it will take a few years for these plants to reach full bloom.

为了促进社区意识，两栋楼的屋顶平台都可以让所有居民自由进入和使用–并提供美妙的景色。从前面房子的屋顶平台上，你可以一直看到Pannierstraße，直到Görlitzer公园。在物业的最南端是最大的小套房，有一个美妙的、遮蔽的露台，随着植物的生长，露台会变得更加绿色。在背景中可以看到燕子的筑巢箱。在夜幕降临时，看一眼花园别墅的一楼公寓，就会发现从反射到启示的美丽过渡，通过所有公寓中的大型木制升降门系统可以看到。

To promote a sense of community, roof terraces on both buildings can be accessed and used freely by all residents – and offer fantastic views. From the roof terrace on the front house, you can see all the way down Pannierstraße to the Görlitzer Park. At the southernmost end of the property is the largest maisonette, with a wonderful, sheltered terrace that will become even greener as the plants get established. Visible in the background are nesting boxes for swifts. A glance at one of the garden house’s first floor apartments at nightfall highlights the beautiful transition from reflection to revelation, visible through the large wooden lift-and-slide door systems featured in all the apartments.

为以后提供合并或拆分公寓的选择是有代价的（生态）。由于每层楼的墙体都是偏移的，木质承重天花板和墙体的建造会更加复杂和昂贵，特别是在隔音要求方面。出于这个原因，我们选择了混合结构，将固体结构与木质围墙结合起来。坚固的结构可以在中央通道中看到，暴露在外的钢筋混凝土为建筑中最经常使用的空间提供了必要的坚固性。快速和方便：前楼的自动门提供了通往中央通道的通道。略微倾斜的大厅将自行车、婴儿车和助动器毫不费力地经过彩色邮箱直接引向花园住宅地下室的停车区。由于柏林对提供充足的非机动车停车位的规定，人们认为没有必要为汽车提供地下停车位–事实上，由于许多原因，人们并不希望这样。这不仅节省了二氧化碳和财务成本，而且从一开始就是实现绿色庭院的唯一因素。

Providing the option to combine or split the apartments at a later date came at a (ecological) cost. Because the walls on each floor are offset, timber loadbearing ceilings and walls would have been more complex and expensive to build, especially with regards to sound-insulation requirements. For this reason, a hybrid construction was chosen, combining a solid structure with wood-based enclosure. The solid structure can been seen in the central passage, where the exposed reinforced concrete provides the robustness necessary for the building’s most frequently used space. Quick and convenient: automatic doors in the front building provide access to the central passage. The slightly sloping hall leads bicycles, strollers and mobility aids effortlessly past the colored mailboxes directly to the parking area in the garden house basement. Thanks to Berlin’s regulations for providing ample non-motor vehicle parking, underground parking for cars was not considered necessary – and indeed, was for many reasons not desired. This not only saved CO2 and financial costs, but from the outset, was the sole factor enabling the green courtyard.

前屋的楼梯是一个缩小的、坚实的结构，没有任何不必要的装饰。钢筋混凝土和未渲染的沙灰砖，涂成白色，是其外观的特点。电梯门将外墙的色调带入屋内，并为所有楼层提供了绚丽的色彩。建筑服务概念是基于排风热泵，从公寓的废气中产生生活热水，并通过外部通风口提供被动空气交换。该系统与区域供暖和屋顶上的光伏组件相结合，以支持热泵的运行。

The staircase in the front house is a reduced, solid construction, without any unnecessary finishes. Reinforced concrete and unrendered sand-lime brick, painted white, characterize the look. The elevator doors bring tones from the clinkers on the facade into the house and provide splashes of color on all floors. The building services concept is based on an exhaust-air heat pump that generates domestic hot water from the exhaust air of the apartments and provides passive air exchange via external air vents. The system is combined with district heating and photovoltaic modules on the roof to support the operation of the heat pump.

前面建筑的阳台结合了凉亭和阳台的优点。它们既提供了一个有侧墙保护的遮蔽区，又提供了一个延伸到外墙的通风空间，通过它，更多的光线可以落在阳台上。

The balconies on the front building combine the advantages of loggia and balcony. They provide both a sheltered area protected by side walls as well as an airy space extending past the facade, through which more light can fall on the balcony.

公寓的内部装修是由居民共同设计的。对于天花板，可以选择抹灰处理或廉价的裸露混凝土。住户还可以自由选择自己的地板、瓷砖、浴室和厨房设备。

The interiors of the apartments were co-designed by the residents. For the ceilings, there was the option of either a plastered finish or inexpensive, exposed concrete. Residents were also free to choose their own flooring, tiles, bathroom and kitchen fittings.

在设计室内空间时，住户们也可以向我们寻求支持。这里看到的是IFUB*为花园别墅中的一个小套房设计的室内楼梯。楼梯的细节：用彩色亚麻油涂抹的云杉和涂油的橡木。橡木凹槽是对设计的补充，可作为把手使用。

Residents were also able to call on us for support when designing their interior spaces. Seen here is the interior staircase designed by IFUB* for one of the maisonettes in the garden house. The staircase in detail: spruce finished in colored linseed oil meets oiled oak. Complimenting the design are oak recesses for use as grips.

在同一间小套房里，厨房的设计也与楼梯相匹配。作为生活空间的健康材料，云杉用纯亚麻籽油涂料着色，被用于固定装置。在花园别墅的一个小公寓里，厨房也是以类似的方式设计的。一面特意放置的镜子扩大了空间。

In the same maisonette, the kitchen was designed to match the staircase. As a healthy material for living spaces, spruce coloured with pure linseed oil paint was used for the fixtures. In a smaller apartment in the garden house, the kitchen was designed in a similar way. A purposefully placed mirror enlarges the space.

IFUB*还在前屋设计了一个厨房。为了最佳地利用空间，小厨房从入口走廊的拐角处延伸到生活区。IFUB*设计的一个标志特征：精心设计的手柄细节–这里有两种不同的表面处理。这张图片显示了橡木门板上的彩色凹槽。

IFUB* also designed a kitchen in the front house. For optimal use of space, the kitchenette extends around the corner from the entrance hallway and into the living area. A hallmark feature of IFUB* designs: thoughtfully designed handle details – here in two different finishes. This image shows a colored recesses in the oak fronts.

卫生间也是一样的个性。从有许多不同颜色和形式的标准瓷砖开始，就有可能有多种设计。这些10×30厘米的瓷砖有三种颜色的渐变，是垂直铺设的。另一个带淋浴的浴室采用了不同颜色的梯度。对于这位居民，10x10cm的瓷砖被用来为他的浴缸创造一个彩色的壁龛。也可以根据要求提供其他瓷砖。在这里，灰色的瓷砖与色彩鲜艳的小壁龛相结合。住户们还可以将自己的想法融入到浴室的布局和设备中。在这里，淋浴和浴缸与相匹配的黑色装置与普通的白色墙砖和水磨石地板相结合。

The bathrooms were just as individual. Starting with a standard tile available in many different colors and formats, a multitude of designs was possible. These 10x30cm tiles in three color gradients were laid vertically. Another bathroom with shower features gradients of a different color. For this resident, 10x10cm tiles were used to create a colored niche for his bathtub. Other tiles were also available upon request. Here, gray tiles were combined with small, brightly colored niches. The residents could also incorporate their own ideas for the bathroom layouts and fixtures. Here, shower and bath with matching black fixtures were combined with plain white wall tiles and a terrazzo floor.

Architects: IFUB*
Year: 2022
Photographs:Thomas Straub
City: Berlin
Country: Germany