加州科学院于1853年在旧金山成立。它是美国最负盛名的机构之一,也是为数不多的在同一地点进行公共体验和科学研究的自然科学机构之一。

The California Academy of Sciences was founded in San Francisco in 1853. It is one of the most prestigious institutions in the US, and one of the few institutes of natural sciences in which public experience and scientific research occur at the same location.

California Academy of Sciences

在1989年洛马普列塔地震对学院建筑的大面积破坏之后,为这座新建筑进行了咨询。今天的学院坐落在金门公园的原址上,其前身是在1916年至1976年间建造的11座建筑,围绕着一个中央庭院。在这些建筑中,有三座在新项目中得到了保护:非洲厅、北美厅和斯坦哈特水族馆。新建筑保持了与原建筑相同的位置和方向,所有的功能都围绕着一个中央庭院,作为入口大厅和收藏品的关键中心。这个连接点由一个凹陷的玻璃顶棚覆盖,其网状结构让人联想到蜘蛛网,并在中心处开放。

Following the widespread destruction of the Academy buildings by the Loma Prieta earthquake in 1989, a consultation for this new building was held. Today’s Academy sits on the Golden Gate Park site of its predecessor, which was comprised of 11 buildings built between 1916 and 1976 and grouped around a central courtyard. Of these buildings, three have been conserved within the new project: the African Hall, the North American Hall and the Steinhart Aquarium. The new building has maintained the same position and orientation as the original, all the functions laid out around a central courtyard, which acts as entrance lobby and pivotal centre to the collections. This connection point is covered by a concave glass canopy with a reticular structure reminiscent of a spider’s web, open at the centre.

学院将展览空间、教育、保护和研究结合在一个屋檐下,还包括自然历史博物馆、水族馆和天文馆。这些不同元素的不同形状在建筑的屋顶线中得到了体现,而屋顶线则遵循了其组成部分的形式。

Combining exhibition space, education, conservation and research beneath one roof, the Academy also comprises natural history museum, aquarium and planetarium. The varied shapes of these different elements are expressed in the building’s roofline, which follows the form of its components.

整个37.000平方米的建筑群就像一块被切开的公园,被提升到离地面10米高的地方。这个 “活的屋顶 “覆盖着170万株精选的自生植物,它们被种植在特别设计的可生物降解的椰子纤维容器中。屋顶的周边是平坦的,像自然景观一样,随着远离边缘而变得越来越起伏,形成一系列从屋顶平面上升的不同大小的圆顶。两个主要的穹顶涵盖了天文馆和热带雨林展览。穹顶上布满了自动开启和关闭的天窗图案,以利于通风。

The entire 37.000 sq. m complex is like a piece of the park that has been cut away and lifted 10 m up above the ground. This “living roof” is covered with 1,700,000 selected autochthonous plants planted in specially conceived biodegradable coconut-fibre containers. The roof is flat at its perimeter and, like a natural landscape, becomes increasingly undulating as it moves away from the edge to form a series of domes of various sizes rising up from the roof plane. The two main domes cover the planetarium and rain forest exhibitions. The domes are speckled with a pattern of skylights automated to open and close for ventilation.

土壤中的水分与热惯性现象相结合,使博物馆内部明显降温,从而避免了底层公共区域和沿外墙的研究办公室对空调的需求。

The soil’s moisture, combined with the phenomenon of thermal inertia, cools the inside of the museum significantly, thus avoiding the need for air-conditioning in the ground-floor public areas and the research offices along the facade.

光伏电池包含在两块玻璃板之间,这些玻璃板构成了绿色屋顶周边的透明顶棚;它们提供了博物馆所需电力的5%以上。

Photovoltaic cells are contained between the two glass panels that form the transparent canopy around the perimeter of the green roof; they provide more than 5% of the electricity required by the museum.

材料的选择、回收、与自然采光有关的空间定位、自然通风、水的使用、雨水回收和能源生产:所有这些设计问题都成为项目本身的一个组成部分,并帮助博物馆获得LEED白金认证。

The choice of materials, recycling, the positioning of the spaces with respect to the natural lighting, natural ventilation, water usage, rainwater recovery and energy production: all of these design issues became an integral part of the project itself, and helped the museum obtain LEED platinum certification.

Courtesy California Academy of Sciences

Architects: Renzo Piano Building Workshop, Stantec Architecture
Year: 2008
Photographs: Tim Griffith, Nic Lehoux, Justin Lee, Tom Fox, SWA Group, Shunji Ishida
Manufacturers: Pyrok, Josef Gartner, Otis, Reynolds Polymer Technology, Steelcase, Hydrotec, Webcor Concrete
General Contractor: Webcor Builders
Design Team:M.Carroll, O.de Nooyer, S.Ishida, B.Terpeluk, J.McNeal, A.De Flora, F.Elmalipinar, A.Guernier, D.Hart, T.Kjaer, J.Lee, A.Meine-Jansen, A.Ng, D.Piano, W.Piotraschke, J.Sylvester, and C.Bruce, L.Burow, C.Cooper, A.Knapp, Y.Pages, Z.Rockett, V.Tolu, A.Walsh, I.Corte, S.D’Atri, G.Langasco, M.Ottonello, F.Cappellini, S.Rossi, A.Malgeri, A.Marazzi
Consultants:Ove Arup & Partners, SWA Group, Rutherford & Chekene, Rana Creek, PBS&J, Thinc Design, Cinnabar, Visual-Acuity
City:San Francisco
Country:United States