柏林冷战博物馆于2022年11月开放,位于柏林米特的勃兰登堡门和洪堡论坛之间的林蒑大道上。高科技博物馆4.0分两层,面积超过1600平方米,照亮了从1945年到1991年苏联解体的冷战的不同侧面,并通过互动和虚拟应用以及选定的展品使历史在几代人之间变得有形。

The Cold War Museum Berlin, which opened in November 2022, is centrally located in Berlin-Mitte on the boulevard Unter den Linden between the Brandenburg Gate and the Humboldt Forum. On two floors and over 1,600 sqm, the High-Tech Museum 4.0 illuminates the different facets of the Cold War from 1945 to the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 and makes history tangible across generations with interactive and virtual applications and selected exhibits.

在规划和实施博物馆的展览建筑时,特别强调了可持续性和对原有建筑结构的回收利用。直到2019年8月,位于菩提树下大街14号的办公和商业大楼的两层,也就是今天展览的地方,是一家德国汽车品牌的画廊。展示区、楼梯、画廊和通道的空间布局在很大程度上得到了保留,以前的固定装置的主要部分被整合到新的概念中。在选择相关公司时,注意了区域性,并对所使用的材料的可持续性进行了测试。

为了进入博物馆的门厅,参观者象征性地穿过一个 “铁幕”。这个设计是由乌克兰艺术家Vanda Sakhatska创作的。该装置占据了整个街边的窗前,由20个钢元素组成。上半部分是在冷战时期活跃的一些政治家的肖像上打孔,包括赫尔穆特-科尔、罗纳德-里根、米哈伊尔-戈尔巴乔夫、约瑟夫-斯大林、温斯顿-丘吉尔、哈里-杜鲁门、尼基塔-赫鲁晓夫、约翰-肯尼迪。下半部分显示了在 “核裁军运动 “的和平标志下团结起来的真人大小的人影。当日光照射进来时,这些人物和肖像在门厅里清晰可见。白天,它们只能从外面朦胧地辨别出来,但到了晚上,当博物馆的灯光明亮时,穿孔的图案也会向柏林的林荫道方向展开效果。与 “铁幕 “上冰冷的技术性工业钢材相比,入口区的地板闪耀着明亮的红色。

In planning and implementing the exhibition architecture for the museum, particular emphasis was placed on sustainability and recycling of the original building fabric. Until August 2019, the two floors of the office and commercial building at Unter den Linden 14, where the exhibition is presented today, housed the gallery of a German automobile brand. The spatial layout of the presentation areas, staircases, galleries, and access routes was largely retained, and the main part of the former fixtures was integrated into the new concept. When choosing the companies involved, attention was paid to regionality, and the materials used were tested for their sustainability.

To enter the museum’s foyer, visitors symbolically walk through an “Iron Curtain”. The design was created by the Ukrainian artist Vanda Sakhatska. The installation takes up the entire street-side window front and consists of 20 steel elements. The upper part is perforated with the portraits of a selection of politicians who were active in the Cold War era, including Helmut Kohl, Ronald Reagan, Mikhail Gorbachev, Josef Stalin, Winston Churchill, Harry S. Truman, Nikita S. Khrushchev, John F. Kennedy. The lower half shows life-size silhouettes of people united under the peace sign of the “Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament”. When daylight falls in, the figures and portraits are clearly visible in the foyer. During the day, they are only dimly discernible from the outside, but in the evening, when the museum is brightly lit, the perforated patterns also unfold their effect in the direction of Berlin’s boulevard. In contrast to the cold, technical, industrial steel of the “Iron Curtain”, the floor of the entrance area shines in bright red.

一楼的展览区是通过一个入口水闸进入的。展览第一部分的地板被设计成黑白相间的棋盘图案:作为活生生的棋子,参观者就这样沉浸在冷战的历史中。

The exhibition area on the ground floor is entered through an entrance sluice. The floor in the first section of the exhibition is designed in a black and white chessboard pattern: as living chess pieces, visitors are thus immersed in the history of the Cold War.

当代纪录片资料、照片、动画和目击者视频可以在互动显示器上调用,而选定的展品则在展柜中交替呈现。语音导游可以通过二维码激活,让游客用自己的智能手机在博物馆里导航。这些显示器被嵌入到墙壁中,墙壁由涂有锈红色的科腾钢包覆,像一条红线一样延续着 “铁幕 “的主题。在房间里刻意减少的照明和黑暗的天花板上,这种材料的铜锈让人联想到老化的工业厂房,展开了它的全部效果和象征力量,特别是在与Enrico Mau aka Demut和Fabian Brueckner aka Kirk的涂鸦覆盖的墙壁区域的相互作用中。通往一楼的楼梯对面的展览部分,设计成柏林街道的景观,是为Boris Hars-Tschachotin的装置保留的,可以用虚拟现实眼镜体验。它从不同的角度展示了1961年8月15日东德警察康拉德-舒曼在柏林Bernauer街和Ruppiner街的拐角处越过临时区边界的铁丝网的著名的 “自由之跃 “的情景。

Contemporary documentary film material, photos, animations, and eyewitness videos can be called up on interactive monitors, while selected exhibits are presented alternately in display cases. An audio guide can be activated via a QR code, allowing visitors to navigate through the museum with their own smartphones. The monitors are embedded in the walls, which are clad with coated, rust-red patinated Corten steel and which continue the motif of the “Iron Curtain” like a red thread. In the deliberately reduced lighting of the room with its dark ceilings, the patina of the material, reminiscent of aging industrial plants, unfolds its full effect and symbolic power, especially in the interplay with the graffiti-covered wall areas by Enrico Mau aka Demut, and Fabian Brueckner aka Kirk. The section of the exhibition opposite the staircase to the first floor, designed with a view of a Berlin street, is reserved for an installation by Boris Hars-Tschachotin that can be experienced with virtual reality glasses. It shows from different perspectives the famous “leap to freedom” of the GDR policeman Conrad Schumann on 15 August 1961 over the barbed wire of the provisional sector border at the corner of Bernauer Strasse and Ruppiner Strasse in Berlin.

通往其他展区的楼梯墙壁上也布满了精心设计的主题涂鸦。从上面的台阶向底层望去,不可避免地落在一幅尼基塔-S-赫鲁晓夫和约翰-F-肯尼迪的双人画像上,画像上的口号是 “两面性,同一个故事”,它挑起了博物馆概念的红线,指的是冷战时期的国际复杂性。一楼的棋盘再次从这个角度吸引了观众的目光,这并非巧合。

The walls of the staircase leading to the other exhibition areas are also covered with elaborate thematic graffiti. The view from the upper steps towards the ground floor inevitably falls on a double portrait of Nikita S. Khrushchev and John F. Kennedy, which with the slogan “Two sides, the same story” picks up the red thread of the museum concept and refers to the international complexity of the Cold War era. It is no coincidence that the chessboard on the ground floor once again catches the viewer’s eye from this perspective.

在上层可以看到类似的材料、表现形式和设计理念。此外,这里还创建了一个东德房间的复制品,采用了当时典型的原始墙纸和内饰。苏联卫星斯普特尼克1号的复制品漂浮在参观者眼前,在博物馆的两层楼之间是1945年8月9日投在日本长崎市的 “胖子 “原子弹的复制品。从画廊走向入口区,视线再次被 “铁幕 “以及一枚原始的德维纳S-75导弹吸引。

An analogous material, presentation, and design concept can be found on the upper floor. In addition, a replica of a GDR room has been created here with original wallpaper and interiors typical of the period. A replica of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1 floats before the visitor’s eyes, and between the two floors of the museum is a replica of the “Fat Man” atomic bomb that was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki on 9 August 1945. From the gallery towards the entrance area, the view is again drawn to the “Iron Curtain” as well as to an original Dvina S-75 missile.

Architects: Tchoban Voss Architekten
Area : 1600 m²
Year : 2022
Photographs :Ilya Ivanov
Manufacturers : Sika
Lead Architect : Sergei Tchoban
Project Partner : Stephan Lohre
Project Lead : Valeria Kashirina
Design Team : Lev Chestakov, Merle Kleinschumacher
Design “Iron Curtain” : Vanda Sakhatska
Metal Construction : Dieringer Blechbearbeitung OHG
Graffiti Artists : Enrico Mau aka Demut; Fabian Brückner aka Kirk
Carpentry Work : WEIGEL GmbH, Neustadt/Siebenhitz
City : Berlin
Country : Germany