Casa Covida,一个在covid时代共同居住的房子,是一个将3D打印与本土和传统建筑材料相结合的实验。这个实验性的案例房屋探索了新的和古老的生活方式,它位于科罗拉多州历史悠久的圣路易斯山谷的高寒沙漠中,那里的土坯是沙子、淤泥、粘土、水和稻草的组合,在阳光下晾晒,是该地区的传统建筑材料。

Casa Covida, a house for co-habitation in the time of covid, is an experiment in combining 3D printing with indigenous and traditional building materials. The experimental case-study house explores new and ancient ways of living and is sited in the high alpine desert of Colorado’s historic San Luis Valley, where adobe, a combination of sand, silt, clay, water, and straw that is dried in the sun, is the traditional building material of the region.

房子由三个空间组成,每个空间可供两个人睡觉、洗澡、围着火和食物聚会,这些空间有向天空、地平线和地面的开口。中央空间包含一个炉灶,周围有两个塔里玛,即土制长凳,上面覆盖着编织的纺织品。3D打印的炊具是用当地的粘土制作的,让人联想到传统的新墨西哥州普埃布洛陶器,可以承受炉灶的热冲击,用来烹饪当地种植的豆子、玉米和辣椒。

The house is comprised of three spaces, each for two people to sleep, to bathe, and to gather around fire and food, and the spaces have openings to the sky, the horizon, and the ground. The central space contains a hearth surrounded by two tarima, or earthen benches, covered with woven textiles. 3D printed cookware crafted using regional micaceous clay reminiscent of traditional New Mexico Pueblo pottery, can withstand the heat shock of the hearth and is used to cook locally grown beans, corn, and chiles.

睡眠空间是由当地收获的甲虫死亡松树搭建的平台,上面覆盖着羊皮和与当地织工合作设计的楚罗羊毛毯子和坐垫。景观和天空的景色被土坯的椭圆体框住了。沐浴空间充满了来自这个山地沙漠景观下面的深层含水层的古老水,而热量的保持则由地面提供。翻滚的河石围绕着浴池,沐浴者可以躺下,享受天空的美景。

The sleeping space is built of a platform constructed of locally harvested beetle kill pine covered with sheepskins and woven churro wool blankets and cushions designed in collaboration with a local weaver. Views of the landscape and the sky are framed by the adobe oculus. The bathing space is filled with ancient waters from the deep aquifer below this mountain desert landscape and the retention of heat is provided by the ground. Tumbled river stones surround the bath and bathers can lay back and enjoy a view of the sky.

卡萨-科维达的门把手是通过3D打印制作的,然后用制作建筑的相同土坯混合物浇铸,干燥后,生物塑料母体被烧掉,用路边的罐子里的铝来浇铸。门和门楣也是由当地收获的甲虫死亡的松树制成的,并通过火焰灼烧的方式处理外部。

The door handles to Casa Covida are fabricated by 3D Printing a master that is then cast in the same adobe mixture used to fabricate the building, and when dry, the bio-plastic master is burnt out and cast using aluminum from cans found along the roadside. Doors and lintels are also made from locally harvested beetle kill pine, treated by flame-charring the exterior.

三维打印系统结合了专门为现场增材制造而设计的便携式三轴SCARA(选择性顺应关节型机械臂),可以建造比打印机本身更大的结构,并有一个连续流动和定子驱动的砂浆泵,将土坯材料送到喷嘴。在建造Casa Covida时,第4轴轨道创造了一个刚性结构,在每次打印完约400毫米的高度后,打印机就在这个结构上移动。沉积的土坯材料被允许在阳光和风中干燥和变硬。

The 3D printing system combines a portable 3-axis SCARA (Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm) purpose-built for on-site additive manufacturing that can construct structures larger than the printer itself, with a continuous flow, and stator driven mortar pump that delivers adobe material to the nozzle. In constructing Casa Covida, a 4th axis rail creates a rigid structure upon which the printer was moved after each printing session of approximately 400mm in height. The deposited adobe material is allowed to dry and harden in the sun and wind.

打印机可以由两个人轻松携带,并且可以完全由一个人使用控制打印机的手机来操作。混合和筛选土的混合物是手动完成的,但有砂浆搅拌机协助。设计文件是由一个强大的软件应用程序创建的,这个软件是由Emerging Objects开发的陶瓷3D打印软件Potterware发展而来的,它是用粘土进行打印的建筑愿望的副产品。

The printer can be easily carried by two people and can be operated entirely by as few as one person using a cell phone that controls the printer. Mixing and sifting the earth mixture is done manually but assisted by a mortar mixer. The design files are created by a robust software application that grows from Potterware, a ceramic 3D printing software developed by Emerging Objects, which was a by-product of the architectural aspirations for printing with clay.

Architects: Emerging Objects
Area: 150 ft²
Year: 2020
Photographs: Elliot Ross, Rael San Fratello
Lead Architects: Ronald Rael and Virginia San Fratello
Project Team:Mattias Rael, Sandy Curth, Logman Arja.
3 D Potter:Danny Defelici
Collaborators:Christine Rael, Johnny Ortiz (Shed Project) and Maida Branch (Maida Goods).
Textiles:Joshua Tafoya
City:Antonito
Country:United States