克拉托的房子（Casa no Crato）是为一对热爱自然和安静的夫妇设计的，他们正在寻找一个远离城市喧嚣的隐居地。它位于葡萄牙阿连特茹地区的上部，占地约70公顷，那里的橡树、橡树、软木橡树和普通扫帚遍布各个山头，创造了一个田园诗般的风景。一条流动的小水道穿过整个地形，产生了一个泻湖，作为放牧动物的一个休息点。

House in Crato (Casa no Crato) was designed for a couple who loves nature and silence and that was looking for a retreat place, away from the hustle and bustle of the city. It is located in the upper part of the Alentejo region, in Portugal, on a property of about 70 hectares, where oaks, holm oaks, cork oaks, and common brooms populate the various hills and create an idyllic landscape. A small flowing watercourse crosses the entire terrain, giving rise to a lagoon that serves as a refreshment point for grazing animals.

事实上，这块土地上完全没有预先存在的建筑，这使得我们有可能以自然为出发点来设计方案。房子建在一个山顶上，可以看到泻湖和周围的山丘。它的十字架形状来自于建筑对这个地方和它的自然存在的适应，与它周围的树木相呼应，根本没有砍掉任何树木。通过塑造树木周围的建筑，它的四个臂膀中的每一个都被景观完全包围，渗透到每个空间的内部，创造出一个小规模建筑的错觉。

The fact that the land was completely free of pre-existing constructions made it possible to design the proposal having nature as a starting point. The house was built on the top of a hill, with a privileged view of the lagoon and the surrounding hills. Its cross shape arises from the adaptation of the construction to the place and its natural pre-existences, countering the trees around it, without cutting down any tree at all. By molding the construction around the trees, each of its four arms was allowed to be entirely surrounded by the landscape, that penetrates the interior of each space, creating the illusion of a smaller-scale construction.

该物业的入口位于较低的水平，设置了一条蜿蜒穿过土地的路径，让到达这里的人吸收该地区的环境，而不是立即揭示所有景观和房子。

The entrance to the property, located at a lower level, sets out a path that winds through the land, allowing those who arrive here to absorb the environment of the region, not immediately revealing all landscape and the house.

从这条小路，我们到达入口大厅，它是确定房屋空间组织的两条轴线的交汇点，其余空间都从这里进入。在与入口相邻的体量中，我们发现了用餐空间和客厅，它向软木橡树森林的广阔视野大大敞开。在这个臂膀的末端是办公室–一个更亲密的空间，通过门廊与其他空间隔开，与景观的关系更 “宁静”。

From this path, we arrive at the entrance hall, which is the intersection point of the two axes that define the spatial organization of the house, and from which the remaining spaces are accessed. In the volume adjacent to the entrance, we find the dining space and the living room, which opens generously to the extensive view of the cork oak forest. At the end of this arm is the office – a more intimate space separated from the rest by a porch, and with a more “serene” relationship with the landscape.

在垂直于前一个的体量中，厨房出现在一个较低的水平上，与游泳池的关系更加密切，从这里可以看到游泳池，使这个空间有一个俏皮和欢快的特点。由于我们认为房子和景观融合成一个单一的元素，所以必须以一种连贯的方式考虑景观设计，选择适应气候的植物，维护量小，抗干旱，目的是为每个区域创造特定环境。为此，在厨房门廊旁边的室外空间，种植了几种芳香植物，如百里香、柠檬草和迷迭香，这些植物除了具有强烈而美好的气味外，还可用于食品制备。

In the volume perpendicular to the previous one, the kitchen appears, at a lower level, with a closer relationship with the pool, which can be seen from it, giving this space a playful and convivial character. Since we consider that the house and the landscape merge into a single element, it was essential to think about the landscape design in a coherent way, choosing plants adapted to the climate, with small maintenance and resistance to drought, with the aim of creating specific environments for each area. To this extent, in the outdoor space next to the kitchen porch, several species of aromatic plants were planted, such as thyme, lemongrass, and rosemary, which, in addition to the strong and nice smell, can be used in food preparation.

最后，在厨房的对面，在一个较高的水平上，开发了房间的体积，可以通过一个楼梯进入，该楼梯延伸到走廊，可以通往各个房间，走廊上有一组垂直的开口，允许空间的自然采光，但保持了这个区域的隐私。每个房间都与景观有独立的关系，鉴于欢迎他们的地形，享受更多的控制视野。薰衣草和其他小型物种构成了房间门廊旁边的边界，加强了这些空间固有的宁静。在这个体积上，我们发现了一个喷泉，它加强了房子旁边的水元素的存在，同时也作为一个饮水机，供接近的动物使用。

Finally, on the opposite side of the kitchen, it is developed, at a higher level, the volume of the rooms, accessible through a staircase, which extends to the corridor that gives access to the rooms and which is punctuated by a set of vertical openings that allow natural lighting of the space, but that maintain the privacy of this area. Each room has an independent relationship with the landscape, enjoying a more controlled view, given the topography that welcomes them. Lavender and other small species form the border next to the porches of the rooms, reinforcing the tranquility inherent to these spaces. Attached to this volume we find a fountain, which reinforces the presence of the water element next to the house, also serving as a drinking fountain for animals that approach.

沿着房子，创建了门廊，作为内部和外部之间的过渡空间，使可居住区的经验与阿连特茹的景观在休息和遮蔽的空间中相遇。这些空间可以通过穿孔的皮质钢百叶窗隐藏起来，这是对 “muxarabi “的重新诠释–阿拉伯乡土建筑的一个元素，它可以被动地控制屋内的温度，因为它们允许这些空间持续通风。

All along the house, were created porches that function as transition spaces between the interior and the exterior, allowing the experience of the habitable areas to meet the Alentejo landscape in rest and shaded spaces. These spaces can be hidden by perforated corten steel shutters, a reinterpretation of the “muxarabi” – an element of Arabic vernacular architecture, which passively controls the temperature inside the house, as they allow the constant ventilation of these spaces.

Architects: Inês Brandão Arquitectura
Area : 394 m²
Year : 2021
Photographs :Alexander Bogorodskiy
Manufacturers : BRUMA, Imperalum, ADF, Ecolux, Sanindusa, Sapa
Lead Architect : Inês Brandão
Project Team : Ana Filipa Santos, Olivier Bousquet, Bárbara Fonseca, João Aires Neves
Engineering : Equação PTV
General Contractor : Jorge Félix dos Santos
Construction Manager : Rui Chorinca
Locksmith : Proençafer – Indústria De Serralharia
Woodwork : Carpintaria Alagoense
Gardens : Tiago Dias e João Mário Dias
City : Crato
Country : Portugal