从一个垃圾填埋场到沙漠中的Vergel。埃斯梅拉达公园位于智利北部科皮亚波市的腹地。该公园位于该镇北侧与阿塔卡马沙漠交界处的最后一个外围社会住房开发项目中。
From a landfill to Vergel in the desert. Parque Esmeralda is located in the piedmont of Copiapó city, Northern Chile. The Park is in one of the last peripheral social housing developments on the north side of this town, at the border with the Atacama Desert.
在它的起源中，建造该项目的土地是一条小河的一部分，但40多年来，它被填满了垃圾和瓦砾。在这种情况下，埃斯梅拉达居民–由300多个弱势家庭组成–有一个历史性的愿望，即改造和恢复这个垃圾填埋场，使之成为一个会议空间，成为该地区的中心。这是埃斯梅拉达项目的中心：为其邻居提供一个绿色和可居住的空间，自80年代建成以来，没有任何设施或公共娱乐区。
In its origins, the land where the project was built was part of a small stream, but for more than 40 years it was filled with garbage and rubble. In this context, residents of the Esmeralda population –made up of more than 300 vulnerable families– had a historical desire to transform and recover this landfill into a meeting space that would become the heart of the neighborhood. This was the center of the Esmeralda Project: to give its neighbors a green and habitable space that since its construction in the 80s did not have any facilities or public recreation areas.
在沙漠和山坡上，在极端贫困的边缘地区实施绿色。该项目的起源是深入研究 “城市花园 “的想法，一个在沙漠中的绿色场所，它可以缓解和共存于阿塔卡马地区极其干旱的环境中，该地区以世界上最干旱的沙漠而闻名。但是，实现一个高度缺水且位于脆弱地区的公共空间是一个巨大的挑战。我们扪心自问： 我们如何能用最少的绿化面积产生最大的绿色感知？因此，设计的先锋是致力于绿色视觉视角的策略，这意味着不仅要观察公园的土地，还要观察邻居们每天经过的周围通道。我们还意识到，许多通道的尽头是停车场，这引发了一个建议，即在街道与公园的视觉交汇处战略性地设置丛林。通过这种方式，每个邻居将获得一个植被区作为他们通道的视觉终点，而不是现有的不健康的垃圾堆。
Implementing green in the desert and on slopes, in a periphery of extreme poverty. The origin of the project consisted in delving into the idea of an “urban garden”, a green place in the desert, which could mitigate and coexist in the extremely arid environment of the Atacama Region, globally known for being the driest desert in the world. But achieving a public space with high water scarcity and located in a vulnerable sector was a tremendous challenge. We interrogated ourselves: How can we generate the greatest amount of green perception with the least amount of green area? Thus, the spearhead of the design consisted in working on a strategy of green visual perspectives, which implied observing not only the park’s land but also the surrounding passages where the neighbors pass daily. We also realized that numerous passages end in the parking area, which triggered a proposal to strategically locate groves at the visual intersection of the streets with the park. In this way, each neighbor would obtain a vegetated area as a visual finish for their passage, instead of the existing unhealthy pile of garbage.
在这些树林里，该项目考虑了无障碍循环、小型会议场所和社区花园，这最终将两个被垃圾填埋场分隔了几十年的社区结合在一起。
Inside these groves, the project contemplates accessible circulations, small meeting places, and community gardens, which finally unite two neighborhoods that were divided for decades since they were separated by the landfill.
通过这种方式，公园由一个微妙的社会和生态结构组成，介于高植被覆盖区、低植被中间区、果园和更加暴露的程序区（有人行道）之间。通过这种策略，大型热岛得以避免，总是试图被 “绿色所包围”。
In this way, the park is composed of a delicate social and ecological fabric between zones of high vegetation cover, intermediate zones of lower vegetation, orchards, and more exposed programmatic zones (with pavements). With this strategy large heat islands are avoided, always trying to be “surrounded by the green”.
在纵向上，考虑到陡峭的斜坡（42米的不平整度），公园是基于当地石匠的岩石的梯田来预测的，这引起了科皮亚波山谷的多个观点。
这是一个在设计阶段与邻居们进行一系列研讨会的过程，然后建造绿地和石墙。
In the longitudinal direction and given the steep slope (42m of unevenness), the park is projected based on terraces with rocks from local stonemasons, which give rise to multiple viewpoints of the Copiapo Valley.
This is a process of a series of workshops with the neighbors during the design stage, and then the construction of green areas and stone walls.
Architects: CAW Arquitectos
Area: 215278 ft²
Year: 2021
Photographs:Rodrigo Werner
Manufacturers: Arauco, Cintac, Schréder, Urban Play
Associated Architect: Juan Pablo Cacciuttolo
Collaborating Architect: Francoise De Saintpierre
Counterpart Minvu: María Paz Larenas
Counterpart Serviu: Wildo León Díaz, Carolina Egaña Vargas
Arquitecto Autor: Rodrigo Werner
Program: Urban equipment
City: Copiapó
Country: Chile