在欧洲新自由主义的新时代来临之际,社会住房再次被视为越来越冷漠。隐含的假设是,社会底层的公寓应该是小的、狭窄的、黑暗的、糟糕的和丑陋的。

At the dawn of a new era of neo-liberalism in Europe, social housing is once again regarded with increasing indifference. The implicit assumption is that apartments for the lower social classes ought to be small, cramped, dark, badly built and ugly.

建筑艺术意义上的建筑在这里几乎没有发挥任何作用,因为营销和空间质量被认为是不重要的和多余的。此外,由于环境法的收紧,社会住房开发正面临着巨大的财政压力,这意味着技术设备和建筑部件的成本大幅增加,并对设计机会产生负面影响。
国际明星建筑师们几乎没有对这个话题表现出任何兴趣。因此,很少有替代方案(标准解决方案)被生产出来,而这些替代方案通过成为展示品,可以成为打破近期僵局的催化剂。

Architecture in the sense of a building art hardly plays a role here, for marketing and spatial qualities are regarded as unimportant and superfluous. Furthermore, social housing developments are facing great financial pressures due to a tightening of environmental laws, which entails a considerable increase in costs for technical equipment and building components, and negatively affects design opportunities.
International star-architects barely show any interest in the topic. Accordingly, very few alternatives (to standard solutions) are being produced which, by becoming showcases, could act as catalysts to break out of the recent stasis.

位于兹沃勒的Hiphouse项目为Atelier Kempe Thill提供了一个可喜的机会,从根本上质疑 “社会住房 “的任务。主要是由于客户的雄心和城市规划师的积极支持,一个典型的项目可以在不超过荷兰同类项目标准预算的情况下实现。建筑手段的彻底最小化和对建筑过程和技术的明显主张有助于实现最大的生活质量。
玻璃塔楼集中式类型。甲板访问类型的替代方案

The Hiphouse project in Zwolle presented Atelier Kempe Thill with a welcome opportunity to fundamentally question the assignment ‘social housing’. Largely due to the client’s ambition and the active support of urban planners, a prototypical project could be realized without exceeding a typical Dutch standard budget for comparable projects. A radical minimization of architectural means and a visible assertion of the processes and technologies of the building process helped to realize a maximum of living quality.
Glass Tower Centralized Typology: An Alternative to the Deck-Access Typology

甲板通道类型是荷兰最常见的多层社会住房形式,因为大量的公寓可以与有限的楼梯间相连。尽管这种类型代表着社会污名,但它仍然是一种几乎不可避免的解决方案。由于其极高的成本效益,今天它仍然被大量采用。通过兹沃勒的中央循环实现的非常紧凑的建筑类型提供了一个经济和有竞争力的选择。
该建筑体量为23米×32米,每层提供8个单元,相对于其建筑面积而言,其外墙表面非常有限;这对建筑成本产生了有利影响,并使外墙的细节设计达到了高质量。住宅单元围绕着一个包含双楼梯和电梯的中央核心组织。平面布局将较大的公寓分配到空间上有趣的角落,从而创造出具有双重方向的公寓。

The deck-access typology is the most common form of multi-story social housing in the Netherlands, because a large number of apartments can be connected to a limited number of stairwells. Despite the social stigma this typology has come to represent, it remains an almost inevitable solution. Due to its extreme cost-efficiency it is still being employed today in large numbers. The very compact building typology realized through the central circulation in Zwolle offers an economic and competitive alternative.
The building block, measuring 23m x 32m and providing 8 units per floor, has a very limited facade surface in relation to its floor area; this favourably affects building costs and enables the high quality detailing of the facade. The housing units are organized around a central core containing a double stair and an elevator. The plan layout allocates the larger apartments to the spatially interesting corners, thus creating apartments with double orientation.

较小的单间公寓要么朝东,要么朝西,保证了所有公寓的最佳阳光。为了弥补其体积上的紧凑性,该建筑的表面一直采用玻璃。阳极氧化铝型材支撑着高质量的防晒玻璃,形成外墙。根据观众的位置,建筑似乎被一层透明的皮肤或反射的表面所覆盖;此外,滑动门提供了宽敞的外墙开口。

The smaller studio apartments either face east or west, guaranteeing optimum sunlight for all apartments. To compensate for its volumetric compactness, the building’s surface is consistently glazed. Anodized aluminium profiles hold the high quality solar-protection glazing to form the facade. Depending on the viewer’s position the building appears to be covered by a transparent skin or a reflective surface; furthermore, sliding doors provide generously dimensioned facade openings.

作为一个整体,实现了一个非常微妙的视觉平衡。窗户的功能网格和底层建筑形成了一个僵硬的建筑秩序,它被一个自发的彩色公寓内部的拼贴所平衡。在对城市生活复杂性的展示中,出现了一个充满活力和乐观的形象,与邻里之间进行了深入的交流。这种形象既是集体的,也是个人的,因为它是在每个居民的积极参与下形成的–自觉或不自觉地。因此,”使用中的建筑 “本质上成为了外墙。
作为集体空间的流通性。中庭
沿着体量周边的公寓安排为插入一个中央中庭创造了机会,而且不需要额外费用。一个5.4米高的入口大厅为这个空间提供了通道,它的垂直高度为26米,由一个天窗照亮。在建筑的核心,中庭提供了一个意想不到的空间,与外部外观形成了惊人的对比。

As a whole, a very delicate visual balance is achieved. The functional grid of the windows and the underlying construction form a rigid architectural order, which is counterbalanced by a spontaneous collage of colourful apartment interiors. In a display of the complexities of city life a vital and optimistic image emerges, striking up intensive communication with the neighbourhood. This image is collective as well as individual, for it is – consciously or unconsciously – formed with the active participation of every inhabitant. The ‘building in use’ therefore essentially becomes the facade.
Circulation as Collective Space: The Atrium
The arrangement of apartments along the volume’s perimeter creates the opportunity to insert a central atrium at no additional cost. A 5.4m high entrance hall gives access to this space, which measures a vertical 26m and is illuminated by a skylight. At the core of the building, the atrium lends an unexpected spatial generosity, which stands in surprising contrast to the external appearance.

由于预算有限,中央中庭被连贯地设计为未完成的粗犷美学。混凝土墙保持未完成状态,楼板上有一层隔音石膏,扶手只是镀锌,简单的工业灯具直接安装在墙上。结果,一个复杂的空间实体出现了,它故意展示了当代建筑的 “新贫穷”,同时也是对它的赞美。
由于它的慷慨,流通空间成为居民之间社会互动的区域,并充分表达了租户的权宜联盟的集体。
全景和光。社会住房的解放
进入公寓后,可以看出,即使在社会住房中,真正的豪华也是不可缺少的。这些单元的采光非常好,有最小的流通区域和大的生活空间,有独立的厨房块。阁楼空间并不是专属于富裕的精英阶层的生活形式,但在社会住房的背景下也是可以实现的。低收入阶层的解放,最后但并非最不重要的是必须通过提高个人住房的质量来实现。
落地窗使公寓有一种悬空的景观平台的感觉;自然环境成为空间的一部分,并使室内的空间扩展到物理边界之外。雨水、太阳、云彩、风和绿色植物决定了室内的气氛。

Due to the limited budget the central atrium was coherently designed in the rugged aesthetics of the unfinished. The concrete walls remain unfinished, the floor slabs receive a coating of acoustic plaster, handrails are merely galvanized and simple industrial light fittings are mounted directly onto the walls. As a result, a complex spatial entity emerges, deliberately displaying, but also celebrating, the ‘new poverty’ of contemporary building.
By its generosity the circulation space becomes an area for social interaction between inhabitants and adequately expresses the collective of an expedient alliance of tenants.
Panorama and Light: The Emancipation of Social Housing
Upon entering the apartments it becomes evident that even in social housing real luxury should be indispensable. The units are very well lit, with minimal circulation areas and large living spaces with freestanding kitchen blocks. Loft spaces are not an exclusive form of living reserved for a well-to-do elite, but are also realizable in the context of social housing. An emancipation of the lower income classes will last but not least have to be achieved through an increase in the quality of individual housing.
The floor-to-ceiling windows give the apartments a feel of suspended landscape plateaus; the natural environment becomes a part of the space and expands the interior beyond its physical boundaries. Rain, sun, clouds, wind and greenery determine the atmosphere of the interior.

当推开大门时,这种效果被放大了,把房间变成了通风的露台。传统社会住宅中普遍存在的束缚感已不复存在。用最少的钱就能获得最大的空间丰富性。因此,当租户说:”我从未像在我的公寓里那样看到如此美丽的日落,这并不令人惊讶”。这似乎只是作为建筑空间的公寓的严格概念的一个逻辑结果。

This effect is amplified when the large doors are slid open, transforming the rooms into airy terraces. Gone is the feeling of constriction prevalent in traditional social housing. A maximum of spatial richness is possible with a minimum of means. It therefore doesn’t come as a surprise when a tenant says: ‘Never have I seen such beautiful sunsets as I do from my apartment.” It merely seems like a logical result of a rigorous conception of the apartment as architectural space.

Architects: Atelier Kempe Thill
Area: 6000 m²
Photographs: Architektur-Fotografie Ulrich Schwarz
City:Rotterdam
Country:THE NETHERLANDS