位于哈里亚纳邦的 “阴影下的房子 “是一个综合性的双户住宅，展示了受自然启发的、近乎零的设计，重新诠释了 “印度-现代 “的理念，并实现了可持续的生活。

The House Under Shadows, an integrated double-family residence in Haryana, exhibits a nature-inspired, near-net-zero design that reformulates the idea of ‘India-Modern’ and enables sustainable living.

阴影下的房子位于历史名城卡纳尔，是NCR（国家首都地区）的一部分，是一个1672平方米的住宅，依偎在白天的扫射阴影之下。

Located in the historic city of Karnal, a part of the NCR (National Capital Region), the House Under Shadows is a 1672-sq.m residence nestled below the sweeping shadows of the day.

客户的要求是为两兄弟和他们的家人提供一个广阔的两单元住宅，其特点是在大自然的怀抱中可持续地生活，并在设计的指导下公开地找到房屋内运动和活动的节奏。为此，该住宅通过一个共同的外墙和一个无缝的双层屋顶将两个单层单元融合在一起，通过水平方向的强调创造出一种视觉上的凝聚力。建筑师对这一设想采取了零能耗的方法，设计的灵感来自于卡尔纳尔的一个宫殿式酒店的接近和建筑元素–Noor Mahal的 “chowk “和 “chhatris”，这些元素来自于传统的印度 “havelis”。这与北印度的极端天气有关，导致了朝南的双层住宅的综合设计。

The client’s brief called for an expansive two-unit residence for two brothers and their families that characterizes sustainable living in the lap of nature and be openly guided by design to find the rhythm of movement and activities within the house. In response to this, the house fuses two single-floor units through a common façade and a seamless double roof that creates a sense of visual cohesion through its horizontal emphasis. The architect had a zero-energy approach towards the vision and the design was inspired by the proximity and architectural elements of a palatial hotel in Karnal – Noor Mahal’s ‘chowk’ and ‘chhatris’ which are elements derived from the traditional Indian ‘havelis.’ This in relation to the extreme weather of North India that has led to the integrated design of the south-facing double-residence.

设计和规划
设计的雏形是在两个代表两个单元的盒子之间有一个共同的入口空间，此后，整个设计都是一个镜像过程。这两个单元被两个受中国传统文化启发的长方形庭院所穿透，每个庭院都是作为散热器的水池形式。这被沿单元运行的直接悬臂所平衡，用遮阳物遮挡内部和外部墙壁；悬臂也使过渡空间得以跨越。悬臂和庭院区域促进了社会凝聚力和空间之间的无缝移动，使人们摆脱了通常在墙内的拘束感。

Design and Planning
The design takes shape with a common entrance space embraced between two boxes that represent the two units, following a mirroring process thereafter and throughout. The units are punctured with two chowk-inspired rectangular courtyards, each in the form of pools that act as heatsinks. This is balanced by immediate cantilevers that run along the units, shielding internal and external walls with shade; the cantilevers also enable transition spaces across. The cantilevers and the courtyard areas facilitate social cohesion and seamless movement between spaces that steers one away from the sense of confinement typically felt within walls.

室内布局
广阔单元的布局容纳了交叉通风和自然采光的内部空间，夜间区域（睡眠空间）朝向西南，白天区域（生活空间）朝向东北部。换句话说，卧室在西北方向有玻璃窗，允许最小的热量和眩光，从而创造一个平静的绿洲来放松身心，同时提供广阔的户外景观。起居空间被遮挡住了西南方向的刺眼阳光，并向院子里开放，使自然光大量进入。其他区域包括厨房和杂物间、酒吧、化妆间和仆人区，垂直循环元素–楼梯位于西南侧的中心位置。一楼有一间带厕所的卧室、休息室、化妆室、茶水间、商店和一个多功能厅。多功能厅的设计从印度传统建筑中的 “chhatris”（高架）和圆顶亭中获得灵感。

Interior Layout
The layout of the expansive units accommodates cross-ventilated and naturally-lit interior spaces with night-time areas (sleeping spaces) oriented towards the south-west and day-time areas (living spaces) towards the north-east. In other words, bedrooms have glazed windows in the north-west which allow minimum heat and glare, thereby creating a calm oasis for unwinding, while offering broad views of the outdoor landscape. The living spaces are shielded from the harsh south-west sun and open out into the courtyard to allow for abundant ingress of natural daylight. Other areas include the kitchen and utility, bar, powder room and servant’s quarter with the vertical circulation element – staircase positioned at the centre of the south-west side. The first floor accommodates a bedroom with toilet, lounge, powder room, pantry, store, and a multipurpose hall. The design of the multipurpose hall draws inspiration from the ‘chhatris’ that are elevated, and dome-shaped pavilions found in traditional Indian architecture.

可持续战略和双层屋顶
带游泳池的中央庭院区由石墙环绕，提供了大量的隔热和垂直绿化，避免了热岛效应。游泳池作为一个散热器，在白天吸收热量，并将其释放到夜空中，从而降低了净得热量。水体的辐射热通过蒸发参与了周围垂直绿化的光合作用过程。美学的角度–周围的墙壁呈现出水体的美丽反射。绿色景观在内部垂直延伸，在建筑占地面积外水平延伸。

Sustainable Strategies and the Double Roof
The central courtyard area with the pool is embraced by stone-clad walls that provide mass insulation and vertical greens that avoid heat island effect. The pool acting as a heat sink absorbs heat during the day and releases it to the night sky, thereby lowering the net heat gain. The radiant heat of the waterbody participates in the process of photosynthesis of the surrounding vertical greens through evapotranspiration. An aesthetic perspective – the surrounding walls render a beautiful reflection of the water body. The green landscape extends vertically on the inside and horizontally outside the built footprint.

设计的亮点是参数化的、无处不在的双屋顶，它覆盖了双单元结构的巨大面积，创造了两个独立的单元，允许隐私，但又作为一个有凝聚力的住宅聚集在一起，巧妙的双屋顶结构起到了这个作用。一个坚实的木制屋顶和一个广泛的凉棚沿着房子的长度和宽度运行。虽然木质屋顶作为房屋的主要围护结构，但无处不在的凉棚有很多方面；它构成了一个沃罗诺伊图案–从森林中的树木、枝叶向天空观察到的图案，从人的尺度来看，它投射出阴影图案和相应的过滤光线。这与削减房屋流动性的几何图案形成对比。

The design highlight is the parametrically crafted, omnipresent double-roof that canopies the vast footprint of the double unit structure to create two individual units that allow for privacy yet come together as one cohesive residence where an ingenious double roof structure serves the purpose. A solid wooden roof and an extensive pergola runs along the length and breadth of the house. While the wooden roof acts as the primary envelope of the house, the omnipresent pergola has many aspects to it; It constitutes a Voronoi pattern – the pattern observed from the trees, branches and leaves in a forest towards the sky from a human scale that casts shadow patterns and filtered light accordingly. This is in contrast with the geometrical pattern that cuts the fluidity of the house.

Voronoi图案的双层屋顶是由FRP（纤维增强聚合物）制成的，通过使用参数化的数字建模，在现场放置在一个广泛的主要MS框架的下方，通过钢柱传递重量。这个凉棚实现了减少50%的太阳直接和扩散辐射。有机的阴影模式是动态的，与房屋内经历的昼夜和季节性变化有关，在室内空间投射出短暂的光影游戏。凉棚还允许底层的木质屋顶被用作房屋上方的半户外空间，提供附近低洼和绿色空间的全景，同时揭示了屋顶的规模。

The Voronoi patterned double roof is made of FRP (Fibre Reinforced Polymer) that is fabricated through digital modelling using parametric, placed in site on the underside of an extensive primary MS framework that transfers the weight through the steel columns. This pergola achieves reduced solar direct and diffused radiation by 50%. The organic shadow pattern is dynamic with the diurnal and seasonal changes experienced within the house that casts an ephemeral play of light and shade in the interior spaces. The pergola also allows the underlying wooden roof to be utilized as a semi-outdoor space above the house, providing panoramic views of the low-lying and green spaces of the neighbourhood, while revealing the scale of the roof.

屋顶天棚的增加导致直接和扩散辐射减少50%。这导致了同样显著的热增益和冷却负荷的减少，使设计具有可持续性和能源效率。屋顶材料有一个最小的0.4的热传导值，进一步防止热量进入建筑结构。年冷却负荷从每平方米76千瓦时下降到每平方米53千瓦时–表明减少了20%。

The addition of the roof canopy has resulted in 50% reduction in direct and diffused radiation. This has led to an equally significant consequent reduction in heat gain, and cooling loads making the design both sustainable and energy efficient. The roof material has a minimal 0.4 value of thermal transmittance, further preventing the ingress of heat to the built structure. The annual cooling load went down from 76 kilowatt-hours per square meter to 53 kilowatt-hours per square meter – indicating a 20% reduction.

材料调色板和建筑细节
通过使用低碳的当地材料和能够反射热量的中性色调，减少机械冷却负荷，同时创造视觉上的轻盈感，可以看出设计的环保意识。墙体采用Gwalior薄荷石干式包覆，以提高热质性能，并创造一个独特的表面。此外，还在石材上进行了皮革处理，以呈现石材的自然纹理。天然的木质天花板给自由流动的开放空间和玻璃室内带来了温暖的感觉。通过使用印度实木来突出屋顶的连续、无缝的天幕，整体美感得到了加强。虽然窗户是由铝制玻璃制成的，并跨越地板到天花板，使其不可见，但室内的家具和艺术品都与质地和颜色的大地调色板相一致。由于设计要求有特定的门高比例，以保持与整个项目的规模一致，预抛光的印度单板门是在现场组装的。

Material Palette and Architectural Details
An environmentally conscious approach towards the design is evident through the use of local materials with low embodied carbon and neutral tones that enable heat reflection, which reduces mechanical cooling loads while creating visual lightness in elevation. The walls are dry clad with Gwalior mint stone to enhance thermal mass performance and create a unique finish. Additionally, a leather finish on stone is provided to render a natural texture on the stone. A natural wooden ceiling imparts a sense of warmth to the free-flowing open spaces and glazed interiors. The overall aesthetic is enhanced by using solid Indian wood to highlight the continuous, seamless canopy of the roof. While windows are made of aluminum glazing and span floor to ceiling to render them invisible, the interior furnishings and artwork are all cohesive to the earthly palette of textures and colours. Since the design demands a specific door-height ratio to remain true to the scale of the entire project, the pre-polished Indian veneer doors are assembled on site.

阴影下的房子是一个突出的接近零净值的双户住宅，重新定义了 “印度现代”，从乡土和自然界的自我形成元素和模式（如Voronoi）中汲取灵感，将整个能源消耗降到最低。空间内俏皮的影子舞蹈真正抓住了 “自然中的可持续生活 “和设计执行的精髓。

The House Under Shadows is a prominent near-net-zero double-family residence that redefines the ‘Indian-Modern’ taking cues from the vernacular and nature’s self-forming elements and patterns like Voronoi that minimises energy consumption throughout. The playful dance of shadows inside the spaces truly captures the essence of the brief ‘sustainable living in nature’ and finesse in the execution of the design.

Architects: Zero Energy Design Lab
Area: 1672 m²
Year: 2021
Photographs: Andre J Fanthome
Manufacturers: Daikin, Ikea, Kohler, Asian Paints, Bms, Design n decor, Italian marble, Neocha, Philips
Mechanical: ZED Lab
Electrical: ZED Lab
Landscape: ZED Lab
HVAC: ZED Lab
PMC: ZED Lab
Client:Mr Sahil Gandhi
Contact Person:Mr Sahil Gandhi
Principal Architect:Zero Energy Design Lab
Site Area:16,216 ft2
Start Date:March 2018
Design Team:Sachin and Payal Rastogi
Plumbing:One Design Consultants
Engineering:ZED Lab
City:Karnal
Country:India