这次修复的建筑对象是1942年在巴塞罗那建造的一栋介于方墙之间的单户住宅。在这个街区的城市结构中，20世纪初的建筑类型和新建筑共存。这座建筑位于一个街区，完整地保留了原始的单户住宅类型，即聚会墙之间的住宅，后面有一个附加的私人花园。沿着东北-西南轴线的方向，它由一栋带屋顶露台的两层建筑和花园底部的单层亭子组成。
The building object of this rehabilitation is a single-family house between party walls built in Barcelona in 1942. In the urban fabric of the neighborhood, typologies from the early 1900s and new buildings coexist. This building’s site is located in a block that preserves intact the original typology of single-family houses between party walls with an attached private garden behind. Oriented along a northeast-southwest axis, it consists of a two-story building with a roof terrace and a single-story pavilion at the bottom of the garden.
客户希望在保持非常高的质量标准的同时，实现分布、热-声舒适度和能源效率的变化。从一开始，我们就很清楚，一个综合的生物气候设计，加上高质量的天然材料的使用和节能策略的采用，将引导我们达到预期的效果。
The clients wanted to achieve changes in the distribution, thermal-acoustic comfort, and energy efficiency while maintaining very high standards of quality. From the beginning, we were clear that an integrative and bioclimatic design, with the use of high-quality natural materials and the adoption of energy efficiency strategies, would lead us to the expected results.
项目细节。主体建筑由烘烤粘土砖承重墙和烘烤粘土砖拱顶组成。在进行新的分配之前，地板和部分地基被加固。在亭子里，受木材蛀虫严重影响的木梁已经被替换。另一个需要解决的关键点是毛细血管的潮湿，影响了所有的底层墙壁和地基。所采用的解决方案是多方面的：在墙的底部进行物理切割，对地基进行防水和排水处理，并在党墙中设置通风室。通风板也已被执行，以提供良好的绝缘和通风的地面水平。
Project details. The main building is made up of baked clay brick load-bearing walls and baked clay brick vaults. Before proceeding with the new distribution, the floors and part of the foundations were reinforced. In the pavilion, the wooden beams, badly affected by the wood borer, have been replaced. Another critical point to solve was the presence of capillarity humidity that affected all the ground floor walls and the foundations. The solution adopted has been multiple: a physical cut at the base of the walls, waterproofing and drainage of the foundation, and a ventilated chamber in the party walls. A ventilated slab has also been executed to provide good insulation and ventilation at ground level.
新的分布是根据客户的要求，结合对原有的生物气候的适应性而产生的。在房子里，主要的房间被安排在南面，以保持与花园和水源的视觉联系。屋顶被美化，变成了一个日光浴室。亭子成为图书馆和书房，这要归功于它的北向和一个预先存在的顶棚天窗。现有的庭院被改造成一个 “城市森林”，与建筑进行气候互动。
The new distribution is born from the demands of the clients combined with a bioclimatic adaptation of the pre-existing ones. In the house, the main rooms are arranged towards the southern façade to maintain a visual connection with the garden and the water source. The roof is landscaped and turns into a solarium. The pavilion becomes a library and study thanks to its north orientation and a pre-existing overhead skylight. The existing courtyard is transformed into an “urban forest” that interacts climatically with the buildings.
建筑物被建设性地调整以达到最大的能源效率。两个体量的围护结构是完全绝缘的，以保持一年中持续舒适的温度。
The buildings are constructively adapted to achieve maximum energy efficiency. The envelope of the two volumes is completely insulated to maintain a constantly comfortable temperature throughout the year.
该项目使用的材料是天然的、高质量的、透气的，并且没有添加有毒物质。这种选择符合美学和健康标准。从审美角度来看，暖色调受到青睐，它们让人想起森林的性质：裸露的软木、赤土、天然木材、科特钢。房子和花园作为共生的单元工作。下雨时，房子的 “皮肤 “被打湿并变黑，就像花园里的树皮一样。落叶树的种植是为了保持与季节变化的联系。地面上有沙丘和小路，可以让你赤脚走过一小部分森林。
The materials used in the project are natural, of high quality, breathable, and without added toxic substances. This choice responds to aesthetic and health criteria. From the aesthetic point of view, warm tones are favored and they recall the nature of a forest: exposed cork, terracotta, natural wood, corten steel. The house and the garden work as symbiotic units. When it rains the “skin” of the house gets wet and darkens just like the bark of the trees in the garden. Deciduous trees are planted to conserve the connection with the passing of the seasons. The ground is modulated in dunes and trails that allow you to walk barefoot through a small portion of the forest.
除了使用对环境影响较小的生物相容性材料外，电力和电信设施的设计和监测也是为了不对人类生物造成干扰。考虑到这一目标，对地形和建筑物进行了地质生物研究，并采取了一些措施，如屏蔽受影响的区域或将所有金属结构元件接地。
In addition to using biocompatible materials with low environmental impact, electrical and telecommunications installations are designed and monitored so as not to cause interference with human biology. With this objective in mind, a geo-biological study of the terrain and buildings was carried out and measurements were adopted such as the shielding of affected areas or earthing all the metallic structural elements.
用橡木、椴木和胡桃木等木材定制的家具经过天然油和蜡的表面处理。橱柜的内部模块是由松木胶合板制成的，以避免使用黑色素。房屋的主楼梯被修复并部分重建，重新调整了原来的栏杆。
The custom-made furniture with woods such as oak, linden, and walnut is superficially treated with natural oils and waxes. The interior modules of the cabinets are made of pine plywood to avoid the use of melanins. The main staircase of the house is restored and partly rebuilt, readapting the original railing.
在现场工程中，废物对环境的影响被降到了最低，按材料分类，并尽可能地回收。软木残骸是这个项目的主角，已被切割成颗粒状，作为绝缘填充物再次使用。
During the site works the environmental impact of waste was minimized, separating it by material and recycling them when possible. The cork remains, the main protagonist of this project, have been cut up and reduced into granules to be reused again as insulating fillers.
技术解释（生物气候学和植物建筑）。这个项目的目标是实现高效的建筑，对内部舒适条件进行毫米级的控制。为了达到这个结果，被动和主动的策略被同等地应用，以达到每年12.00KWh/m2的最终消费。
Technical explanations (bioclimatic and vegetal architecture). The objective of this project was to achieve highly efficient buildings with millimetric control of internal comfort conditions. To achieve this result, passive and active strategies have been applied in equal measure, to achieve a final resulting consumption of 12.00 KWh / m2 per year.
被动策略。整个围墙采用热处理的软木板进行保温。在党墙和街道立面上，为了保护遗产，绝缘材料被放置在内部覆层上，随后用硅酸盐涂料涂抹并完成，以保持透气性。在花园的内部立面，软木被放置在外面，作为可见的饰面。
Passive strategies. The entire enclosure is insulated with thermo-treated cork panels. In party walls and on the street façade, with heritage protection, the insulation is placed as an interior cladding, later plastered and finished with silicate-based paints to preserve breathability. On the internal facade of the garden, the cork is placed on the outside, as the visible finish.
在楼板下面的地面上，一个带有冰屋的房间通过外墙之间的温差进行通风，并防止可能的湿度问题。在冰屋上方，一个防潮层和20厘米的隔热层切断了地面和房屋之间可能的热流传输。在一楼的平顶上，18厘米的热处理软木板起到了保温的作用。所有的木工都是通过放置用生态清漆处理过的栗木窗来更新的。为了充分利用太阳辐射，根据每个立面的方向，通过放置低排放层来调节玻璃。 在所有建筑细节的执行过程中，根据鼓风门原则防止空气渗入，从工程一开始就进行规划。
On the ground floor below the slab, a chamber with igloos ventilates thanks to the temperature differential between the facades and prevents possible humidity problems. Above the igloos, a vapor barrier and 20 cm of thermal insulation cut off any possible transmission of thermal flux between the ground and the house. On the flat roof of the first floor, 18 cm of thermo-treated cork panels acts as thermal insulation. All the carpentry is renewed by placing chestnut wood windows finished with ecological varnish. To take full advantage of solar radiation, the glazing is modulated by placing the low-emission layer according to the orientation of each façade. In the execution of all the construction details, air infiltrations are prevented according to the Blower Door principles, planned from the beginning of the work.
城市森林 “被设想为项目的一个组成部分。落叶树在冬天允许太阳辐射进入室内，而在夏天，它们作为一个太阳过滤器，遮蔽和保护外墙和开口处。亭子前面的喷泉与花园一起工作：在这里，雨水被收集并在一个大的地下水箱中充氧，然后重新用于灌溉。在夏天，水的存在降低了温度，有利于整个底层的自然通风。
The “urban forest” is conceived as an integral part of the project. Deciduous trees allow solar radiation to enter inside in winter and in summer they act as a solar filter, shading and protecting the façade and openings. The fountain in front of the pavilion works together with the garden: here rainwater is collected and oxygenated in a large underground tank and then reused for irrigation. In summer the presence of water reduces the temperature and favors natural ventilation throughout the ground floor.
积极的策略。所有楼层都配备了地板采暖和制冷，由高效热泵提供动力。这两座建筑都配备了用于空气处理的除湿机和热回收装置。该系统由一个电子自动化系统进行监控和调节。照明采用LED技术。
Active strategies. All floors are equipped with underfloor heating and cooling, powered by a high-efficiency heat pump. The two buildings are equipped with dehumidifiers for air treatment and with heat recovery units. The system is monitored and regulated by an electronic automation system. The lighting uses LED technology.
这些干预措施的最终结果是一个现代住宅，它尊重其起源并与之保持联系，为其居住者提供非常高的舒适度并与自然元素不断融合。几乎完全没有挥发性有机化合物，对空气质量和室内湿度的控制，以及对电场和电磁场的控制共同保证了最佳的健康条件。从能源效率的角度来看，最初的能源等级G已经转变为A级，看到能源成本和对环境的影响降到了最低。最后，城市小落叶林的日常景观使人的感官与大自然的不变节奏保持联系。试图从狂热的城市日常生活所造成的改变中治愈灵魂。
The end result of these interventions is a contemporary home that honors its origins and remains connected with them, offering its occupants very high levels of comfort and constant integration with natural elements. The almost total absence of volatile organic compounds, the control of air quality and indoor humidity, and the control of electric and electromagnetic fields together guarantee optimal health conditions. From the point of view of energy efficiency, the initial energy class G has been transformed into a class A that sees energy costs and the impact on the environment reduced to a minimum. Finally, the daily view of the small urban deciduous forest keeps alive the connection of one’s senses with the immutable rhythms of nature. An attempt to heal the soul from the alterations caused by the frenetic urban daily life.
Architects: El Fil Verd, Estudi d’Arquitectura
Area : 3681 ft²
Year : 2020
Photographs :Milena Villalba
Manufacturers : KEIM, Aistercel, Banacork, Bòbila Aguileras, Ecoclay, Fapylsa, Fusteria Guitart, La barca Marbres i Granits, Madera Casas, Metal.listeria Mediterràneo, Naturclay
Lead Architects : Elisabetta Quarta Colosso
Builder : Alfibiocons s.l.
Furniture : Nolek Design
Art Work : Nelo Vinuesa
Structure : Bernuz-Fernández Arquitectes s.l.
Installations : Tema s.l.
Blower Door : Toni Gassó
Lighting : Toni Canals
Geobiology : Espacios con Vida
City : Barcelona
Country : Spain