风筝馆 “位于上海徐汇河畔的西双层穹顶艺术中心广场。这个区域的前身是上世纪20年代的上海水泥厂。穹顶和传送带作为一个工业遗址被保留下来，并作为当代艺术和公共活动的载体被重新激活。随着各种活动在穹顶艺术中心的举行，广场上将挤满人群，在上海创造一个充满活力的河岸公共空间，给人以开放的感觉。同济大学建筑与城市规划学院院长李香凝在这里规划了西外滩&同济建设节，风筝馆是三个馆中的一个。

The ” Kite Pavilion” is located in the West Bunk Dome Art Center Square on the Xuhui Riverfront in Shanghai. This area was formerly the Shanghai Cement Plant in the 1920s. The dome and the conveyor belt were preserved as an industrial site and reactivated as a carrier for contemporary art and public events. As various events take place at the Dome Art Center, the square will be filled with crowds of people, creating a vibrant riverfront public space in Shanghai that gives a sense of open place. Dean Li Xiangning of the College of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tongji University planned the West Bund& Tongji Construction Festival here, and the Kite Pavilion is one of the three Pavilions.

地点和概念
在设计之初，任务是在广场周围设计供人们休息的亭子，面积不超过100平方米。最重要的命题是如何在一个大而开放的空间中确定小亭子，以及如何在人体的干预下创造一个丰富的空间感知力。因此，”长体量的亭子 “与相同面积的较大表面成为整个项目的出发点。

Places and Concept
At the beginning of the design, the task was to design pavilions for people to rest around the square, with an area of less than 100 m². The most important proposition was how to identify the small pavilions in a large and open space and how to create a rich spatial perception with the intervention of the human body. Therefore, the “long volume of pavilion” with a larger surface for the same area became the starting point for the whole project.

捕捉到河边场地的特点，设计采用了风筝在风中飞翔的意图，以创造一种轻盈的感觉。它的线性形式最大限度地扩展了界面，为各种行为提供了可能，如停留、休息和自由穿越。风筝亭的屋顶是通过沿中轴线折叠直线而形成的弧形，在一端形成一个圆顶，另一端形成一对翼形。到了晚上，这个体量变成了一个鱼骨状的发光体，像一个悬挂的灯笼一样照亮了整个场地。风筝亭 “成为一个俏皮的城市景观，激发了人们的想象力和与之互动的自然欲望。

Capturing the characteristics of the riverfront site, the design adopts the intention of a kite flying in the wind to create a light perception. Its linear form maximizes the extension interface, providing the possibility for various behaviors such as staying, resting, and crossing freely. The roof of the kite pavilion is curved by folding the straight lines along the central axis, forming a dome on one end and a pair of wing-shape on the other. At night, the volume turns into a fish-bone-shaped luminous body, which illuminates the site like a suspended lantern. The “kite pavilion” becomes a playful urban landscape, stimulating people’s imagination and their natural desire to interact with it.

设计通过 “正面性和客观性 “的操作将亭子与广场联系起来。亭子位于由工业遗产形成的广场边缘，被建筑和墙壁包围，这意味着大多数人只能体验到一个主要的侧面。因此，亭子的长边朝向广场，使得水平屋檐以及亭子的凸面和凹面都能被看到，无论是在内部还是外部。设计的目的是让风筝亭成为场地上一个容易识别的公共展品，邀请人们来坐坐。亭子的具体落脚点最终选择在场地的东北角，在建筑和围墙之间的空隙处。亭子的座位被分成两部分，留下了从广场到公共厕所的循环。当人们走近时，他们可以通过长椅和屋顶挤压的空间看到遥远的天空，这放大了场地边缘罕见的 “空旷和透明 “的感觉。

The design relates the pavilion to the square through the operations of “Frontality and Objecthood”. The pavilion is located at the edge of the square formed by the industrial heritage, surrounded by buildings and walls, which means that only one main side is experienced by most people. The long side of the pavilion is thus oriented towards the square, allowing the horizontal eave to be seen as well as the convex and concave sides of the pavilion, both inside and outside. The design intended the kite pavilion to be an easily recognizable public exhibit on the site, inviting people to come and sit. The specific landing point of the pavilion was finally chosen in the northeast corner of the site, in the gap between the building and the fence. The seats of the pavilion are divided into two parts, leaving the circulation from the square to the public restroom. When people approach, they can see the distant sky through the space squeezed by the benches and the roof, which amplifies the rare perception of “emptiness and transparency” on the edge of the site.

结构和建设
由外部关系和物理感知形成的形式通过与结构的磨合来实现，钢、木、膜的混合结构被共同强调，以达到一个简单的结果。屋顶由膜、侧索和木质支架组成，通过弹性张紧系统保护其不受河边强风的影响。人字形支撑和中央斜向支撑是主要的支撑结构，形成三个落点。半圆锥形的悬挑和三角桁架构成了屋顶结构两端的刚性支撑，它们被涂成白色，以淡化在屋顶上。体积的末端以点状连接的形式落在坐凳之上，引发了人们对轻盈和不稳定性的感知错觉。

Structure and Construction
The form formed by external relations and physical perception is implemented by grinding with the structure, and the hybrid structure of steel, wood, and membrane are jointly stressed to achieve a simple result. The roof consists of a membrane, side cables, and wooden braces, which are protected against strong winds on the riverside by an elastic tensioning system. Herringbone bracing and central diagonal bracing are the main supporting structures, forming three drop points. The semi-conical overhangs and triangular trusses form the rigid supports at the ends of the roof structure, which are painted white to fade into the roof. The end of the volume falls on top of the seating bench in the form of a point joint, triggering the illusion of perceived lightness and instability.

组件的重复性和连接细节的简单性是风筝亭在六天内快速建造的基本原因。风筝馆的主要结构可以分为三种类型：圆形钢管、胶合木杆和钢缆。张拉钢缆是主体结构施工的最后一步，钢缆的灵活性吸收了钢管和木杆的施工误差。设计有意安排了施工节点的隐蔽性和突出性，在体量的长边有两根钢索。膜索穿过耳板上的孔，靠着顶部，被膜包裹着，以固定其边缘形态。侧索通过耳板与木杆的末端连接，以固定木杆并捆绑整个结构，其与膜的间隙使侧索暴露在外，从而增加了边缘形态的纤细和轻盈。

The repetitiveness of the components and the simplicity of the joint detail were the foundamental reason for the rapid construction of the Kite Pavilion in six days. The main structure of the kite pavilion can be divided into three types: round steel pipes, glued wooden poles, and steel cables. Tensioning the steel cables was the final step in the construction of the main structure, and the flexibility of the cables absorbed the construction errors of the steel and wood poles. The design intentionally arranges the concealment and protrusion of the construction nodes, with two cables on the long side of the volume. The membrane cable crosses the hole in the ear plate against the top and is wrapped in the membrane to fix its edge form. The side cords are connected to the end of the wooden pole by the ear plate to fix the pole and tie the whole structure, and the gap between it and the membrane makes the side cords exposed, thus increasing the slimness and lightness of the edge of the form.

Architects: Tongji CAUP
Area: 85 m²
Year: 2021
Photographs: Xinxin Wang, Xiao, Yuzhou Zhang, Zitong Wang, Lina Guo, Qifan Xiao
Manufacturers: Serge Ferrari
Lead Architect: Zitong Wang
Construction: JIMU Building Tech and Engineering
Structural Design: iStructure
Instructor:Ting Zhang
Curatorial Director:Xiangning Li
Curatorial Execution:Curate the City
Client:Shanghai West Bund
City:Shanghai
Country:China