KAAN建筑师事务所受荷兰战争墓地基金会（Oorlogsgravenstichting）的委托，在阿珀尔多伦附近的Loenen设计一座多功能建筑，以纪念第二次世界大战和最近的国际冲突中的荷兰受害者。该建筑与周围的森林和谐地融合在一起，是现有的Loenen国家战争公墓和新的国家退伍军人公墓之间的一个分层和连接元素。
KAAN Architecten was commissioned by the Netherlands War Graves Foundation (Oorlogsgravenstichting) to design a multifunctional building commemorating the Dutch victims during the Second World War and more recent international conflicts, in Loenen near Apeldoorn. Harmoniously blending with the surrounding forest, the building is a layered and connecting element between the existing Loenen National War Cemetery and the new National Veterans Cemetery.
Loenen国家战争公墓是位于荷兰领土上的两个公墓之一，由景观设计师Daniel Haspels（1894-1954）在第二次世界大战后不久设计，反映了该地区的景观，其簇拥的飘逸的树木尊重了和平的环境，并为死者带来了安慰。KAAN建筑师事务所选择将树木和建筑拉在一起，让树木决定结构的形式，以实现建筑和自然景观的融合。
The Loenen National War Cemetery site, one of the two located on Dutch territory, was designed by landscape architect Daniel Haspels (1894-1954) shortly after the Second World War, reflecting the landscape of the area with its clusters of wispy trees that honour the peaceful environment and bring comfort to the bereaved. KAAN Architecten opted to draw the trees and building together, letting the trees dictate the structure’s form, to achieve a fusion of architecture and landscaped nature.
亭子的占地面积为52 x 19米，沿着作为场地基础的五条轴线之一延伸，像一条水平的白线安放在细长的白桦树和松树中。从上面看，它位于两片树林之间，两边是景观设计师Karres en Brands设想的两个森林房间。亭子尽可能地保持狭窄，以保留两个开放空间之间的最大数量的树木，它的水平性温和地采用了哈斯佩尔斯的哲学，避免了垂直元素，因为这可能会破坏平静的自然氛围。出于这个原因，战争公墓的墓碑是平躺在草地上的。
The pavilion, with its 52 x 19-meter footprint, stretches along with one of the five axes that are the foundation of the site, like a horizontal white line settled amidst slender birch and pine trees. Seen from above, it is situated between two stretches of woods, flanked by two forest rooms envisioned by landscape architects Karres en Brands. The pavilion was kept as narrow as possible to preserve a maximum number of trees between the two open spaces, its horizontality gently adopts Haspels’ philosophy by avoiding vertical elements, which could disrupt the calming natural atmosphere. For this reason, the War Cemetery’s gravestones are lying flat on the grass.
宁静的气氛和缺乏侵扰性是通过敏感的建筑姿态实现的，提出了一个亲密但开放和诱人的建筑；被树干遮挡，但又能清楚地看到。战略性地放置的天然石墙从地板延伸到天花板，突出了开放和封闭之间的交替。一些墙壁上有与墙壁相同的天然石块突出的长椅，面向森林，为游客提供休息和沉思的场所。墙的顶部是屋顶–不仅仅是一个箱子的盖子，而是一个水平的墙，上面有穿孔，暴露出树梢和开放的天空。通过巧妙地引导视线向内、向外和穿透，KAAN建筑师事务所保持了国家战争公墓中已经浸透的脆弱的光和宁静的氛围。
The serene atmosphere and lack of intrusiveness have been achieved by sensitive architectural gestures, proposing an intimate yet open and inviting building; obscured by tree trunks yet in clear view. Strategically placed, natural stone-clad walls stretching from floor to ceiling accentuate the alternation between open and closed. Some walls have benches protruding in the same natural stone as the wall and facing the forest to offer visitors places to rest and contemplate. Atop the walls lies the roof – not merely as a cover for a box, but a horizontal wall with perforations that expose the treetops and open skies. By masterfully directing the sightlines inward, outward, and through, KAAN Architecten maintained the fragile aura of light and tranquillity already imbued in the National War Cemetery.
馆内空间的一切都与记忆和纪念有关。走廊被避免了，因此展馆可以保持狭窄，功能可以合理地相互流动。这里有一个礼堂，专门为附近的国家退伍军人公墓提供集会和葬礼服务，通向一个多用途的房间，既是展览和信息空间，最后是吊唁区。对于活动和大型仪式，礼堂和展览空间可以合并成一个大厅，没有任何障碍。
Everything within the space of the pavilion is related to remembrance and commemoration. Corridors were avoided so the pavilion could remain narrow and functions flow logically into one another. There is an auditorium dedicated to assemblies and funeral services for the nearby National Veterans Cemetery, opening up to a multi-purpose room serving both as exhibition and information space and finally a condolences area. For events and large-scale ceremonies, the auditorium and exhibition space can be merged into a single hall, free of obstacles.
各个空间都有自己的特色和看点。慰问区提供了两个相对的视角，每个视角都面向一个森林房间：一个是老兵埋葬区，一个是战争公墓。同时，礼堂望见的是以战争公墓中间的十字架为终点的视线。视线通过一个大窗户被引导，感觉就像亭子里的一个大开口，而不是一个标准的窗户。高高的天花板和大的屋顶跨度确保了灵活性，有助于形成开放的空间感。
The various spaces each have their own identity and lookouts. The condolences area offers views of two opposite sides, each oriented towards a forest room: one for veteran burials and one for the War Cemetery. Meanwhile, the auditorium looks out over the sightline ending at the cross in the middle of the War Cemetery. The eye is guided through a big window that feels like a large opening in the pavilion rather than a standard window. High ceilings and large roof spans ensure flexibility and contribute to an open sense of space.
该馆的公共性质，可容纳200人的集会，需要一个最佳平衡的室内气候。必要的通风和地暖系统，以实现热舒适，避免了任何可见的装置。通过组建一个学科互补的设计团队，甚至在设计工作开始之前，就已经实现了高度的可持续性和最小的环境影响。
The public nature of the pavilion, with an assembly capacity of up to 200 people, required an optimally balanced indoor climate. Necessary ventilation and floor heating systems to achieve thermal comfort have been realized avoiding any visible installations. By assembling a design team of complementary disciplines, even before the design work began, a high degree of sustainability and a minimal environmental impact was achieved.
由于非传统的开放空间配置、丰富的自然光和优雅的材料选择，该馆轻轻地脱离了任何宗教内涵，在其内部传达了一种平静的自然氛围。杰出而微妙的Loenen亭在建筑上丰富了国家战争公墓，提供了一个重新焕发活力的荣誉和安慰的地方，同时让森林成为向导。
Gently detached of any religious connotations, the pavilion conveys a calming natural atmosphere to its interiors, thanks to the unconventional open spatial configuration, the abundant natural light, and the elegant choice of materials. The distinguished yet subtle Loenen Pavilion architecturally enriches the National War Cemetery, providing a reinvigorated place of honour and consolation, while allowing the forest to be the guide.
Architects: KAAN Architecten
Area: 583 m²
Year: 2020
Photographs: Simone Bossi
Main Contractor: Rots Bouw, Aalten
Construction Manager: Antea Group, Capelle aan den Ijssel
Landscape Design: Karres en Brands
Landscape Contractor: Van de Haar Groep
Project Team:Alice Colombo, Sebastian van Damme, Paolo Faleschini, Raluca Firicel, Michael Geensen, Nicki van Loon
Clients:The Netherlands War Graves Foundation, Nationale Veteranenbegraafplaats Loenen
Construction Advisor:Pieters Bouwtechniek
Technical Installations Advisor, Physics, Fire Control, Acoustics:DGMR
Building Costs Advisor:B3 Bouwadviseurs
Project Furniture:Workshop of Wonders, Utrecht
Exhibition Design:Tinker
Av Design:Nieuwenhuis AV
City:Loenen
Country:The Netherlands