Mejillones社区总部项目是在 "我想要我的邻居 "计划之后诞生的，该计划由智利政府制定，旨在改善全国300多个弱势社区的生活质量。这个受欢迎的会议空间对应的是萨尔瓦多-阿连德别墅的同一居民优先考虑的项目。经过多年的谈判，他们成功地获得了位于他们社区头部的战略性土地。
The Mejillones Community Headquarters project was born after the “I want my neighborhood” program, an initiative developed by the Chilean government to improve the life quality of more than 300 vulnerable neighborhoods throughout the country. This popular meeting space corresponds to a project prioritized by the same residents of the Salvador Allende villa. After years of negotiations, they managed to obtain the land strategically located at the head of their neighborhood.
关键词 - 社区，城市更新，社会建筑，公共空间，智利。萨尔瓦多-阿连德别墅位于梅希洛内斯市的郊区，该镇位于安托法加斯塔市以北65公里处的沿海平原上，地处阿塔卡马沙漠中部。历史上，梅希洛内斯一直与强大的采矿活动有关，因为自十九世纪以来，它是不同产品的运输港口。近几十年来，随着燃煤热电厂等的安装，工业活动不断加强，由于使用碳氢化合物泄漏和燃烧产生的微粒物质，不断污染海洋和空气。因此，Mejillones被宣布为牺牲区，导致来自不同地区的居民组合在一起，采取协调行动反对采掘业。在这种情况下，一个作为社区聚会点的空间，同时也是一个进行日常活动和社会互动的区域，显得十分迫切。这就产生了创建邻里委员会及其与当局解决问题的作用（见1997年第58号法令，关于邻里协会和社区组织）。
Keywords · Neighborhood, Urban regeneration, Social architecture, Public space, Chile. The Salvador Allende villa is located on the outskirts of the city of Mejillones, a town on the coastal plain, 65 kilometers north of the city of Antofagasta, in the middle of the Atacama Desert. Historically, Mejillones has been related to strong mining activity, since it was a shipping port for different products since the XIX century. In recent decades, industrial activity has intensified with the installation of coal-fired thermoelectric plants, among others, which are constantly polluting the sea and the air by the use of hydrocarbon spills and particulate material resulting from combustion. Therefore, Mejillones has been declared a sacrifice zone, leading residents from different areas to group together and take coordinated actions against the extractive industry. In this context, a space that works as a meeting point for the community, that also works as an area to do their daily activities and social interaction, appeared as urgent. These gave rise to creating a neighborhood council and its role to solve problems with authorities (as seen on Decree No. 58 of 1997, about neighborhood associations and community organizations).
皮毛和好天气。除了环境问题，鉴于其沙漠气候，Mejillones呈现出强烈的太阳辐射和来自西南部的风，有时会携带微粒物质和灰尘。这就是为什么提议的基础设施提出了多层皮肤的想法--除了提供遮阳外，还能偏转和过滤风。形成一个中间空间的周边，通风和保护太阳，作为天井和循环，利用沿海沙漠的好天气，全年温度都在15°以上。
Skins and good weather. In addition to the environmental problem, given its desert climate, Mejillones presents strong solar radiation and winds from the SW that sometimes carry particulate material and dust. This is why the proposal infrastructure raises the idea of multiple skins-layers that deflect and filter the wind, in addition to providing shade. A perimeter of intermediate spaces is formed, ventilating and protecting from the sun, working as patios and circulations, taking advantage of the good weather of the coastal desert, with temperatures above 15° all year.
与邻居的关系。与社区讨论的最相关的一点是多功能厅的位置和方向。考虑到邻居们使用这个空间的经验，要求将它尽可能地远离附近的房屋，并将它朝向没有房屋存在的西部。这是因为每周都会举行多次会议，特别是在晚上，在工作时间之后。这些会议涉及带有音乐的研讨会，产生的噪音水平与住宅区不相容。除了将空间重新定位到城镇的另一边，办公室和浴室也分布在中间，产生了一个声学缓冲区。
Relationship in the neighborhood. One of the most relevant points discussed with the community was the location and orientation of the multipurpose room. Given the experience of the neighbors with this space, the requirement was to move it as far as possible from the nearby houses and orient it towards the west, where there is no presence of homes. This is because multiple meetings are held during the week, especially at night, after working hours. These meetings involve workshops with music that creates noise levels which are not compatible with residential areas. In addition to reorienting the space towards the other side of the town, the offices and bathrooms were distributed in between, generating an acoustic buffer.
灯塔和生物气候的中庭。该建筑在夜间呈现出强烈的使用效果，在大型天窗的想法上下功夫，将其作为灯塔投射到附近。在晚上，当总部处于活动状态时，它们反射出室内的光线，警告邻居并邀请他们参与。在日光下，天窗作为一个生物气候中庭发挥作用，它在高空打开窗户，产生交叉通风，帮助降温，并为多功能室提供额外的顶光。
The Lighthouse and the bioclimatic atrium. The building, presenting a strong use at night, worked on the idea of a large skylight as a lighthouse projected towards the neighborhood. At night, when the headquarters are in activity, they reflect the interior light, warning the neighbors and inviting them to participate. With daylight, the skylight works as a bio-climatic atrium by opening its windows in altitude, generating cross ventilation that helps with the cooling, and providing additional overhead light to the multipurpose room.
外墙的红色是根据城市语言选择的，因为它存在于大多数公共遗产建筑中，如市政府、海事局和图书馆。作为 "Treillage "的对角线木头和黄铜对应于该地区硝石开采时代使用的材料。最后，混凝土块对应的是该地区最经济和可用的材料，它被安装在边缘并执行格子的功能。
The red color of the facades was chosen in line with the urban language of the city, since it is present in most of the public heritage buildings, such as the municipality, the maritime government, and the library. The diagonal wood as “Treillage” and the brass correspond to materials used during the saltpeter mining era in the region. Finally, the concrete block responds to the most economical and available material in the region, which is installed on the edges and performs the function of the lattice.
作为第二阶段的工作，考虑将位于北面 "箭头 "的财产的延续部分作为一个小公园和社区花园，这将有助于提高这个地方的清新程度，巩固邻居们创造一个 "绿洲社区 "的愿望。
As the second stage of work, it is contemplated to use the continuation of the property located to the north "arrowhead" as a small park and community garden, which will contribute to increasing the level of freshness of the place, consolidating the desire of the neighbors to create an "Oasis community”.
Architects: CAW Arquitectos
Area : 3767 ft²
Year : 2021
Photographs :Pablo Casals
Manufacturers : Arauco, Grau, Instapanel
Lead Architect : Rodrigo Werner Sánchez
Associate Architect : Juan Pablo Cacciuttolo
Counterpart Minvu : Miguel Humire Flores, Francisco Lizana Carvajal
Architecture Project Development : Domingo Bravo Acuña, Matias Martinez, Valentina Polanco
City : Mejillones
Country : Chile
