Kirkhlyar公墓是德本特最古老的墓地，可以追溯到公元7世纪。在公墓的中心，有一个被称为 "Kirkhlyar "的最古老坟墓的围墙墓地，意思是 "第四十"。传统上，"第四十号 "墓地是穆斯林的一个礼拜场所。今天，该墓地在城市多元文化的社会生活中保留了其重要的作用。
Kirkhlyar Cemetery is the oldest burial ground in Derbent, dating back to the 7th c. A.D. In the heart of the cemetery there lies a walled burial space for the most ancient graves called “Kirkhlyar”, which means “Fortieth”. Traditionally, the “Fortieth” burial ground is a place of worship for Muslims. Today the cemetery retains its important role in the life of the city’s multicultural urban society.
对Kirkhlyar公墓的改造已经成为城市公共空间发展的一个合理步骤，其目的是为了发掘旅游潜力和提高德本特居民的生活质量。由Praktika建筑局开发的项目是在邀请竞争后被选中的。在 "保护 "和 "提高价值 "的策略中，我们选择了后者。
The renovation of the Kirkhlyar cemetery has become a logical step in the development of the city's public spaces, aimed both at unveiling the tourist potential and improving the life quality of Derbent residents. The project developed by Praktika Architectural Bureau was selected after an invited competition. The choice between “conservation” and “enhancing the value” strategies has been made in favor of the latter.
项目的目标是：a.为当地社区的日常生活需要提供高水平的基础设施；b.在谨慎保持传统的同时，将墓地作为一个重要的宗教礼拜场所加以保护；c.重新思考该地作为城市公共空间、历史地标和游客的吸引点。一个铺设在墓地上的步行道网络已经铺设完毕，可以通往位于后面的坟墓。
The project goals are: a. Provide a high level of infrastructure for the needs of the daily life of the local community. b. Preserve the cemetery as a significant place of religious worship while carefully maintaining tradition. c. Rethink the site as an urban public space, historical landmark, and point of attraction for tourists. A network of paved walking paths has been laid out across the cemetery to give access to the graves located at the back.
沿着主要的小巷，安排了一连串的小喷泉，用于洗浴和浇灌植物，这在当地炎热和阳光充足的气候下是一个重要的特征。照明设施和路标已经安装完毕。在连接公墓和城市的主要地点建立了入口亭子。这些亭子为游客提供了一系列必要的设施：作为会议和聚会场所的影子画廊、厕所（包括为轮椅使用者提供的厕所）、小型祈祷室、信息台和纪念品商店。主入口和Taziyat广场被朦胧的拱形长廊所包围，是对伊斯兰建筑典型的传统形式的再创作。在主入口的顶棚下，有一个在翻修工程中现场发现的古代雕刻石头的展览。
Along the main alleys, a chain of small fountains for ablution and plants watering is arranged, an important feature in the local hot and sunny climate. The lighting installations and wayfinding signs are installed. Entrance pavilions are erected at the main points linking the cemetery to the city. The pavilions provide a set of amenities necessary for visitors: shadow galleries as meeting and gathering places, toilets (including those for wheelchair users), small prayer rooms, an information desk, and a souvenir store. The main entrance and Taziyat squares, framed by shadowy arched galleries, are a reworking of traditional forms typical of Islamic architecture. Under the Main entrance canopy, there is an exhibition of ancient carved stones discovered on-site during the renovation works.
该项目与当地社区的代表进行了协商。翻新后的 "Taziyat "是传统葬礼仪式开始的地方，是为公墓提供仪式功能的关键因素。它主要是为当地社区服务的。传统上，当地人每周四都会聚集在这里举行茶会。翻新工程是由几个小型的当地建筑团队进行的，这就是为什么建筑设计要有目的地适应现有建筑技术的具体情况。
The project was consulted with representatives of the local community. Renovated “Taziyat” place, where the traditional funeral ceremony begins, is the key element providing ritual functionality to the cemetery. Mainly it serves the local community. Traditionally, the locals gather here on Thursdays for tea meetings. Renovation works were carried out by several small local construction teams, which is why the architectural design was purposefully adapted to the specifics of available building technologies.
建筑师优先考虑不使用复杂的现代机械就能实施的解决方案，而倾向于用手 "在现场 "制作的结构--用最少的预制设计元素。该项目的视觉语言是由当地材料定义的 - 带有温暖的黄色色调的Derbent贝壳石，以及里海卵石。鹅卵石饰面的不完美的手工表面大大有助于创造一个生动和轻松的氛围。这是一个现场实验--该技术是直接在施工现场与工人们一起开发和测试的。
The architects gave preference to solutions that can be implemented without the use of complex modern machinery, in favor of structures made by hands “in situ” — with minimum prefabricated design elements. The visual language of the project is defined by local materials — the Derbent shell stone with a warm, yellow tint, and Caspian pebble. An imperfect handmade surface of pebbled plaster finishes contributes greatly to creating a lively and easeful atmosphere. This was an on-site experiment — the technology was developed and tested with the workers directly on the construction site.
Architects : Praktika Architectural Bureau
Area : 94 m²
Year : 2021
Photographs :Grigory Guryanov, Kristina Neletova
Lead Architects : Denis Chistov, Grigory Guryanov, Yana Kotelnikova, Valeriya Bazinovskaya, Vladimir Shtepo
Structural Engineer : Aleksandr Egorov
Heritage Preservation Consutant : Timur Garunov
City : Derbent
Country : Russia
