坐落在巴黎郊外的一个小公社Poissy,是20世纪对现代建筑最重要的贡献之一,由Le Corbusier设计的Villa Savoye。萨沃耶别墅建成于1929年,是对法国乡村别墅的现代演绎,是对新机器时代的庆祝和反应。

Situated in Poissy, a small commune outside of Paris, is one of the most significant contributions to modern architecture in the 20th century, Villa Savoye by Le Corbusier. Completed in 1929, Villa Savoye is a modern take on a French country house that celebrates and reacts to the new machine age.

这栋房子一手改变了Le Corbusier的事业以及国际风格的原则,成为历史上最重要的建筑先例之一。 萨沃耶别墅脱离其物理环境,使其设计与20世纪初的机械/工业背景相融合,在概念上将房子定义为一个机械化的实体。

The house single handedly transformed Le Corbusier’s career as well as the principles of the International Style; becoming one of the most important architectural precedents in the history. Villa Savoye’s detachment from its physical context lends its design to be contextually integrated into the mechanistic/industrial context of the early 20th century, conceptually defining the house as a mechanized entity.

勒-柯布西耶有一句名言:”房子是生活的机器”。 这句话并没有简单地转化为按人体比例的流水线设计,而是以效率为名,开始采用其他工业领域的创新特质和进步。

Le Corbusier is famous for stating, “The house is a machine for living.” This statement is not simply translated into the design of a human scaled assembly line; rather the design begins to take on innovative qualities and advances found in other fields of industry, in the name of efficiency.

为了回应他对机械化设计的向往和崇拜,勒-柯布西耶建立了建筑学的 “五点”,简单来说就是列出了设计中需要融入的规定要素。 建筑五点》可以被认为是勒-柯布西耶对维特鲁威《建筑十书》的现代诠释,从字面上看,它并不是建筑师的指导手册,而是设计的必要组成部分的清单。 以至于萨沃耶别墅是彻底按照柯布西耶的五点量身定做的。
_Pilotis
_平屋顶露台
_开放计划
_Ribbon Windows
_免费外墙
在勒-柯布西耶的职业生涯中,他对蒸汽船的技术和设计产生了兴趣。 创新的工程技术和模块化设计所产生的简单、流线型的结果影响了柯布西耶的空间规划和极简主义美学。

In response to his aspirations and admiration of mechanized design, Le Corbusier established “The Five Points” of architecture, which is simply a list of prescribed elements to be incorporated in design. The Five Points of architecture can be thought of as Le Corbusier’s modern interpretation of Vitruvius’ Ten Books on Architecture, not literally in the sense of an instructional manual for architects, but rather a checklist of necessary components of design. So much so that Villa Savoye is thoroughly tailored to Corbusier’s Five Points.
_Pilotis
_Flat Roof Terrace
_Open Plan
_Ribbon Windows
_Free Façade
At this point in Le Corbusier’s career, he became intrigued by the technology and design of steamships. The simplistic, streamlined result born out of innovative engineering techniques and modular design had influenced Corbusier’s spatial planning and minimalistic aesthetic.

支撑甲板的引航器、沿着船体的带状窗户、提供从甲板到甲板的出口的坡道;所有这些方面都是 “五点建筑 “的基础,并在Villa Savoye的整体构成中找到。

The pilotis that support the decks, the ribbon windows that run alongside the hull, the ramps providing a moment of egress from deck to deck; all of these aspects served as the foundation of the Five Points of Architecture and are found in the overall composition of Villa Savoye.

当进入场地时,房子似乎漂浮在森林如画的背景之上,由细长的pilotis支撑,似乎溶于树线之间,因为下层也被涂成绿色,以暗示一个漂浮的体积的感觉。

Upon entering the site, the house appears to be floating above the forested picturesque background supported by slender pilotis that seem to dissolve among the tree line, as the lower level is also painted green to allude to the perception of a floating volume.

下层作为房屋的维护和服务项目。 房子最有趣的地方之一是下层的弧形玻璃幕墙,它的形成是为了配合1929年汽车的转弯半径,这样当主人开车到大容积的下面时,他们可以轻松地将车开进车库,只需轻轻一转。

The lower level serves as the maintenance and service programs of the house. One of most interesting aspects of the house is the curved glass façade on the lower level that is formed to match the turning radius of automobiles of 1929 so that when the owner drives underneath the larger volume they can pull into the garage with the ease of a slight turn.

生活区,或者说上层建筑,安装了带状的窗户,与白色的立面无缝地融合在一起,使立面没有任何的层次感。 这些带状窗户开始玩弄室内和室外的感知,直到进入室内后才完全表达出来。

The living quarters, or the upper volume, are fitted with ribbon windows that blend seamlessly into the stark, white façade, which void the façade(s) of any hierarchy. The ribbon windows begin to play with the perception of interior and exterior, which does not fully become expressed until once inside.

然而,一旦进入室内,就会清楚地理解公共和私人空间之间的空间互动。 通常情况下,房屋的居住空间是相对私密的,封闭的,相当隐蔽的。然而,勒-柯布西耶却将居住空间围绕着一个公共的、室外的平台而设置,这个平台与居住区之间用滑动的玻璃墙隔开。

However once inside, there becomes a clear understanding of the spatial interplay between public and private spaces. Typically, the living spaces of a house are relatively private, closed off, and rather secluded. Yet, Le Corbusier situates the living spaces around a communal, outdoor terraced that is separated from the living area by a sliding glass wall.

这种在更大的公共环境中的私有化区域的概念是后来勒-柯布西耶住宅项目中的一个共同点。

This notion of privatized areas within a larger communal setting is a common thread later on in Le Corbusier’s housing projects.

无论是下层还是上层的居住区,都是基于一个开放的概念,引发居住者不断地在空间之间迂回。 作为一种建筑游记,勒-柯布西耶融入了一系列从下层一直移动到屋顶花园的坡道,这需要居住者放慢脚步,体验空间之间的移动。

Both the lower level and the upper living quarters are based off an open plan idea that provokes the inhabitant to continuously meander between spaces. As an architectural tour de force, Le Corbusier incorporates a series of ramps moving from the lower level all the way to the rooftop garden, which requires the inhabitant to slow down and experience the movement between spaces.

萨沃耶别墅是一座基于建筑长廊设计的房子。它的体验在于空间间的移动。 直到人们熟悉了这些细微的特殊性,空间的运动和比例才会唤起巴黎郊区内的纪念碑感。

Villa Savoye is a house designed based on the architectural promenade. Its experience is in the movement through the spaces. It is not until one becomes familiar with the subtle peculiarities that the movement and proportionality of the spaces evokes a sense of monumentality within the Parisian suburb.

建筑师:Le Corbusier
年份:1929年
照片:Flavio Bragaia
撰稿: Andrew Kroll
城市: POISSY
国家: 法国
Architects: Le Corbusier
Year: 1929
Photographs: Flavio Bragaia
Written: Andrew Kroll
City: POISSY
Photography: FRANCE