位于巴塞罗那郊区的Collserola自然公园是太阳能温室项目的背景，该项目由加泰罗尼亚高级建筑研究所（IAAC）Valldaura实验室的高级生态建筑和生物城（MAEBB）硕士课程的学生、专业人士和专家组成的团队实施。这是一个为产生能源和自给自足的粮食种植而设计的温室，代表了朝着更生态的农业转型和解决粮食和能源贫困问题的进展的下一个步骤。其目的是设计和建造一个可以在农村和城市地区复制的系统。
The Natural Park of Collserola, on the outskirts of Barcelona, is the setting for the Solar Greenhouse project, carried out by a team of students, professionals, and experts of the Masters programme in Advanced Ecological Buildings and Biocities (MAEBB) of the Institute for Advanced Architecture of Catalonia (IAAC) Valldaura Labs. It is a greenhouse designed for the generation of energy and the self-sufficient cultivation of food and represents the next step towards a more ecological agricultural transformation and progress in tackling food and energy poverty. The aim was to design and build a system that could be replicated in both rural and urban areas.
太阳能温室是调查和寻找适应现代生活和抵御未来粮食和能源危机的新方法的结果，以更生态的方式重新解释我们满足最基本社会需求的方式。该项目提出了一个自给自足的种植空间，作为城市中食物和能源生产的解决方案，并朝着欧盟提出的到2050年实现零排放的城市模式取得进一步进展。其结果是一个先进的温室，使用太阳能、可持续材料和先进的栽培技术，可以在农村或城市屋顶实施，为粮食自给自足做出有效贡献。
Solar Greenhouse is the result of the investigation and search of new ways of adapting to modern life and withstanding future food and energy crises, reinterpreting the way we meet our most basic social needs in a more ecological way. The project proposes a space for self-sufficient cultivation as a solution to food and energy production in cities and makes further progress towards the zero-emission city model as proposed by the EU by 2050. The result is an advanced greenhouse that uses solar energy, sustainable materials, and advanced cultivation technology that can be implemented in the countryside or urban rooftops, making an effective contribution to food self-sufficiency.
通过使用致力于 “零公里 “种植和先进农业技术的新解决方案，可以最大限度地减少食品生产、加工和分配对环境的影响。在这方面，太阳能温室可以被看作是改变这种全球状况的下一步，并提出一种新的和更有效的农业形式，它可以应用于世界任何地方的农村和城市。
原型是在MAEBB2020-2021硕士期间设计和建造的，由专家组评估，其中包括建筑师和硕士主任丹尼尔-伊巴涅斯和维森特-瓜拉特、栽培系统专家米格尔-乌雷斯塔拉祖、能源专家奥斯卡-阿塞维斯、水专家约亨-谢勒和建筑师埃琳娜-奥特和吉列尔莫-塞维利亚诺斯等人。它在很短的时间内建成，使巴塞罗那Collserola的茂密森林成为建筑和生态农业领域的一个雄心勃勃的项目的所在地。
The impact of food production, processing, and distribution in the environment can be minimised by using new solutions that commit to ‘zero-kilometre’ cultivation and advanced agrological techniques. In this respect, the Solar Greenhouse can be seen as the next step towards a transformation of this global condition and in proposing a new and more efficient agricultural format, which could be applied both in the countryside as in the cities in any part of the world.
The prototype was designed and built during the Master MAEBB 2020-2021, with the assessment of a group of experts, integrated by the architects and directors of the Master, Daniel Ibáñez and Vicente Guallart, the cultivation systems expert, Miguel Urrestarazu, the energy expert, Oscar Aceves, the water expert, Jochen Scheerer and the architects, Elena Orte and Guillermo Sevillanos, among others. It was built in a short period of time, making the dense forest of Collserola, Barcelona, the home of an ambitious project in the field of architecture and ecological agriculture.
从建造到最终使用，太阳能温室项目是 “零公里 “理念的一部分。水、基质和建筑材料都是从周围环境中获得的，使种植的食物能够直接从生产跳到消费，而不需要供应链。
From its construction through to its end-use, the Solar Greenhouse project is part of the ‘zero-kilometre’ philosophy. The water, substrate, and building materials are obtained from the surroundings, allowing the food grown to jump directly from production to consumption, without the need for a supply chain.
温室结构是用松木建造的，这些松木是在瓦尔达乌拉地区可持续开采、收集和加工的。温室还有一个营养物质的供应系统，从储存罐和营养物质入口，通过管道分配给植物。此外，在黑光灯的帮助下，一个LED条形灯的矩阵使生长周期更容易。温室的屋顶是用玻璃制作的，呈 “钻石 “状排列，以便完全捕捉阳光，阳光直接进入太阳能电池板，使里面种植的植物能够得到直射光。
The greenhouse structure was built with pine timber, which was extracted sustainably, collected, and processed in the area of Valldaura. The greenhouse also has a supply system of nutrients, which are distributed from storage tanks and nutrient inlets, through pipes that feed the plants. In addition, a matrix of LED strip lights makes growth cycles easier, with the help of Black Light. The greenhouse roof was created with glass and was arranged in a ‘diamond’ shape to allow the complete capture of sunlight, which enters directly into the solar panels and allows the plants grown inside to receive direct light.
该布局由两层楼组成。在底层，建立了发芽区，而在上层，则布置了栽培区。其结果是相当大的收获份额，这主要得益于先进的水培技术，使植物不使用农业土壤就能生长。在这种情况下，种植床的基质包含回收的锯末，这是绿色工厂实验室的废品，是IAAC在Valldaura的另一个实验室。 最终的目标是将知识和当地实现的系统应用于全球范围，在这方面，太阳能温室是向前迈出的宝贵一步。
The layout consists of two floors. On the ground floor, the germination area was established, while on the upper floor, the cultivation was set out. The result is a considerable share of harvest which is accomplished, among other things, thanks to advanced hydroponic techniques, allowing the plants to grow without using agricultural soil. In this case, the substrate in the planting beds contains recycled sawdust, a waste product of the Green Fab Lab, another of the IAAC laboratories found in Valldaura. The ultimate goal is for the knowledge and the locally achieved systems to be applied at a global scale and, in this respect, the Solar Greenhouse is a valuable step forward.
Architects : IAAC
Year : 2021
Photographs :Adrià Goula
Manufacturers : Cricursa, Tallfusta, Aluminios Ada, Luz Negra, Onyx
Sponsors : Cricursa, Luz Negra, Tallfusta
Advice : Miguel Urrestarazu, Oscar Rodriguez, Daniel Podmirseg, Oscar Aceves, Javier García-German, Miquel Rodriguez, Jochen Scheerer, Elena Orte, Guillermo Sevillano, Ignasi Caus
Assistants : Bruno Ganem, Marc Garcia, Gustavo Escudero
Volunteer : Diego Díaz
Direction : Vicente Guallart, Daniel Ibañez
Developed By Maebb 2020/21 Students : Bartłomiej Najman, Dafni Vakalopoulou, Rebecca Baierwick, Ignacio Reyes Solis, Paulina Sevilla, Yangchuan Tian, Fatemeh Nejatii, Marilia Sofia Fernández Lockwood, Amrithavarshini Prabhuram, Kevin Xi Lim, Akshay Sunil Mhamunkar, Mona El batrik, Engjëll Rodiqi, Philipp Wienkämper, Christa Hörburger
Project Management : Ignacio Reyes Solis
Host : Laboratorios Valldaura – IAAC
Fence Management : Laia Pifarré
City : Barcelona
Country : Spain