Striatus是一座拱形的无加固砌体人行天桥,由3D打印的混凝土块组成,不用砂浆组装。在威尼斯建筑双年展期间,这个16×12米的人行天桥在Giardini della Marinaressa展出,直到2021年11月,它是同类作品中的第一个,将建筑大师的传统技术与先进的计算设计、工程和机器人制造技术相结合。

Striatus is an arched, unreinforced masonry footbridge composed of 3D-printed concrete blocks assembled without mortar. Exhibited at the Giardini della Marinaressa during the Venice Architecture Biennale until November 2021, the 16×12-metre footbridge is the first of its kind, combining traditional techniques of master builders with advanced computational design, engineering, and robotic manufacturing technologies.

” Striatus “这个名字反映了其结构逻辑和制造过程。混凝土被打印成与主要结构力正交的层,以创建一个不需要加固的 “条纹 “纯压缩式缆车结构。

The name “Striatus” reflects its structural logic and fabrication process. Concrete is printed in layers orthogonal to the main structural forces to create a “striated” compression-only funicular structure that requires no reinforcement.

3D打印可用于建造承重混凝土结构,所需材料明显减少,不需要钢筋或砂浆。ETH的建筑师和Block研究小组的工程师与扎哈-哈迪德建筑事务所和其他来自业界的合作伙伴合作,在威尼斯的一座人行天桥上展示了这一点。

3D printing can be used to build load-bearing concrete structures that require significantly less material and no steel reinforcement or mortar. ETH architects and engineers from the Block Research Group in collaboration with Zaha Hadid Architects and other partners from the industry showed how this works with a footbridge in Venice.

世界各地数以百万计的新建筑正在使用钢筋混凝土建造,尽管这种类型的建筑产生了大量的二氧化碳排放。在这方面,用于加固的钢材和用于混凝土的水泥特别有问题。ETH的研究人员现在提出了一种减少这两者的方法,在一个真实的项目中。

Millions of new buildings all over the world are being constructed with reinforced concrete, even though this type of construction generates large amounts of CO2 emissions. The steel used for the reinforcement and the cement for the concrete is especially problematic in this regard. ETH researchers have now presented a way to reduce both, in a real project.

块状研究小组与扎哈-哈迪德建筑事务所的计算和设计小组合作,在威尼斯的一个公园里建造了一座12乘16米的拱形人行桥–完全没有钢筋。
使用加法工艺,这个被称为 “Striatus “的建筑是用混凝土块建造的,它形成的拱门很像传统的砖石桥。这种纯压缩的结构允许力传递到地基,而地基则被绑在一起。这种干式组装的结构仅由于其几何形状而很稳定。

The Block Research Group teamed up with the Computation and Design Group at Zaha Hadid Architects to build a 12-by-16-metre arched footbridge in a park in Venice – entirely without reinforcement.
Using an additive process, the construction dubbed “Striatus” was built with concrete blocks that form an arch much like traditional masonry bridges. This compression-only structure allows the forces to travel to the footings, which are tied together on the ground. The dry-assembled construction is stable due to its geometry only.

全新的是3D打印混凝土的类型,这是研究人员与Incremental3D公司共同开发的。混凝土不是以通常的方式水平应用,而是以特定的角度应用,使其与压迫力的流动正交。这可以使打印出来的混凝土块层很好地压在一起,而不需要进行加固或后张法。用于3D打印机的特殊混凝土墨水正是由Holcim公司为此目的而开发的。

What is completely new is the type of 3D-printed concrete, which the researchers developed together with the company Incremental3D. The concrete is not applied horizontally in the usual way but instead at specific angles such that they are orthogonal to the flow of compressive forces. This keeps the printed layers in the blocks nicely pressed together, without the need for reinforcement or post-tensioning. The special concrete ink for the 3D printer was developed by the company Holcim precisely for this purpose.

ETH教授Philippe Block说。”这种精确的3D混凝土打印方法使我们能够将传统拱顶建筑的原则与数字混凝土制造相结合,只在结构上需要的地方使用材料,而不产生浪费”。

ETH professor Philippe Block said: “This precise method of 3D concrete printing allows us to combine the principles of traditional vaulted construction with digital concrete fabrication to use material only where it is structurally necessary without producing waste.”

因为该建筑不需要砂浆,所以块状物可以被拆除,并在不同的地方再次重新组装桥梁。如果不再需要该建筑,材料可以简单地被分离和回收。

Because the construction does not need mortar, the blocks can be dismantled, and the bridge reassembled again at a different location. If the construction is no longer needed, the materials can simply be separated and recycled.

Architects: Block Research Group, Zaha Hadid Architects
Area: 50 m²
Year: 2021
Photographs: naaro, in3d, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom van Mele
Design Team:Tom Van Mele, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Philippe Block
Structural Engineering:Tom Van Mele, Alessandro Dell’Endice, Sam Bouten, Philippe Block
Collaborators:Holcim, incremental3D
Structural Fabrication Design:Vishu Bhooshan, Philip Singer, Tommaso Casucci
3 D Printing:Johannes Megens, Georg Grasser, Sandro Sanin, Nikolas Janitsch, Janos Mohacsi
Concrete Specialist:Benito Carrion, Jose Manuel Arnau
Assembly Construction:Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom Van Mele
Logistics:Alessandro Dell’Endice, Tom Van Mele, Michele Alverdi, Ricardo de Pablos, José Luis Romero
Formwork Engineer:Ackermann GmbH
Steel Structure:Pletscher
Laser Engraving/Artwork/Advertisement Sign:ZB Laser
Measurements:L2F Architettura
City:Venezia
Country:Italy