客户的简介。该出租公寓房位于瑞士圣加仑州的萨尔甘斯，位于三条宽阔山谷的交汇处，在周围阿尔卑斯山原本陡峭的山峰之间形成一片肥沃的低地。列支敦士登公国和著名的滑雪胜地就在附近。最初的任务是重建一个旧的自建的家庭住宅，它已经到了寿命的尽头，不符合客户的要求。在与投资者、他的家人和一位结构工程师达成协议后，决定将该房屋拆除，并设计一个新的项目以满足业主的需求。为了找到最佳的解决方案，我们组织了一次受邀的建筑竞赛。我们在比赛中获得了第一名，从2016年开始，我们开始为项目的下一个阶段工作。
Client’s brief. The rental apartment house is located in Sargans in the canton of St. Gallen in Switzerland, at the intersection of three wide valleys, where they create a fertile lowland between the otherwise steep peaks of the surrounding Alps. The Principality of Liechtenstein and famous ski resorts are in close proximity. The original task was to reconstruct an old self build a family house, which was already at the end of its life span and did not meet the requirements of the client. In agreement with the investor, his family, and a structural engineer, it was decided that the house will be removed and a new project will be designed to suit the needs of the owner. An invited architectural competition was organized in order to find the best solution. We placed 1st in the competition and from 2016 on we started working on the next phases of the project.
项目发展的背景、灵感和关键概念。周围的山脉已成为主要原则之一，它塑造了该项目和设计。它们的山峰是重要的点，从房间里看去，形成了房子的比例和平面图。粉红色的Verrucano-Schiefer石头，在当地的山脉中被发现，已经成为外墙和内部空间物质化的参考。关于可持续性和生态学，整个房子的围护结构设计得非常紧凑。
Context, inspirations, and key concepts for the development of the project. The surrounding mountains have become one of the main principles, which shaped the project and the design. Their peaks are important points at which the views from the rooms were oriented and thus forming the proportions and floor plans of the house. The pinkish Verrucano-Schiefer stone, which is found in the local mountains, has become a reference for the materialization of the facade and interior spaces. With regard to sustainability and ecology, a very compact envelope of the whole house was designed.
房子被切割成雕刻的石头，外墙的不同表面由独特的石膏表面定义，并享受光与影的游戏。房子的颜色在一天中不断变化，从黎明时的浅灰色到日落时的粉红色。该房屋的另一个重要概念是其住房的具体情况，即租赁公寓住房。它决定了公共和私人区域的室内设计及其材料。项目中使用的材料必须是高质量、耐用和中性的，以满足不同范围的潜在租户的期望。空间组织必须清晰，房间的使用必须可变。楼梯、露台和外部公共区域是租户见面、打招呼和相互交流的地方。
The house is cut as a carved stone, different surfaces of the facades are defined by unique plaster surfaces and enjoy the play of light and shadow. The color of the house changes during the day from light grey at dawn to pink at sunset. The other important concept of the house was its housing specifics, which is rental apartment housing. It determined the interior design of the common and private areas and their materials. The materials used in the project had to be of high quality, durable and neutral in order to meet the expectations of a different spectrum of potential tenants. The spatial organization had to be clear and the use of rooms variable. The staircase, terraces, and outside common areas are places, where the tenants meet, greet and interact with each other.
空间配置。建筑的核心和中心是一个带电梯的楼梯，它位于房子的中间。因此，外墙只被公寓使用，这使得宽敞的平面图与房间的多面朝向和大量的日光和景观，甚至从那些经常被忽视的房间，如浴室和厨房。公寓有着相似的空间配置–没有没有窗户的盲道，直接连接到生活区，所以当进入公寓时，总是能保证看到周围的风景。
Spatial configuration. The core and heart of the building is a staircase with an elevator, which is located in the middle of the house. The facade is therefore used only by the apartments, which enables generous floor plans with a multi-sided orientation of the rooms and plenty of daylight and views, even from those often overlooked rooms of the house such as bathrooms and kitchens. The apartments share a similar spatial configuration – no blind corridors without windows and a direct connection to the living areas, so when entering the apartment, a view of the surrounding landscape is always guaranteed.
公寓没有被划分为生活区和睡眠区，房间可以从客厅进入，这个技巧使公寓的面积更有效率。房子的住户是由楼主直接选择的，其中有些人恰好是老朋友或亲戚。由于新旧关系的存在，房子的功能就像一个大的有机体，尽管有广大的私人公寓，但人们经常在这里见面和交谈。五套公寓中的每一套都可以通往花园或私人露台。
The apartments are not divided into a living and sleeping area, the rooms are accessible from the living room and this trick makes the area of the apartment more efficient. The tenants of the house were chosen directly by the owner of the building and some of them happened to be old friends or relatives. Due to the new and old relationships, the house functions as one large organism, where in spite of the vast private apartments, people often meet and talk. Each of the five apartments has access to a garden or a private terrace.
位于顶层的最大的公寓周边都有一个露台，从屋顶露台上的漩涡池可以看到周围所有的山峰。所有住户都可以使用花园里的烧烤区，那里定期举行社交晚会。在地下车库里，有七个汽车停车位，其中有电动汽车充电站，还有八个自行车停车位。另一个自行车停车位位于大楼入口处的底层。在瑞士，通常房屋的每个房间都有一个自行车架。
The largest apartment on the top floor has a terrace all around its perimeter and from the whirlpool located on its roof terrace, there is a view of all the surrounding mountain peaks. All residents of the house have an access to a barbecue area in the garden, where social evenings are held regularly. In the underground garage, there are seven parking spots for cars, which have charging stations for electric cars and eight parking spaces for bicycles. Another parking space for bicycles is located on the ground floor by the entrance to the building. In Switzerland, one bicycle stand is usually counted for each room in the house.
建筑技术和项目中使用的主要材料。房屋建造在深入底土承重层的支柱上，深度为16-20米，下部结构采用防水混凝土设计。垂直承重结构和天花板是由整体钢筋混凝土制成。这个解决方案符合地震措施的要求，因为拟议的建筑位于第二安全区。
Construction techniques and the principal materials used in the project. The house is constructed on pillars going into the bearing layer of the subsoil to a depth of 16-20 m. The lower structure is designed using waterproof concrete. Vertical load-bearing structures and ceiling slabs are from monolithic reinforced concrete. This solution meets the requirements for earthquake measures, as the proposed building is located in the 2nd security zone.
房子有外部保温层，完成了木铝窗，它被涂上了厚厚的水泥灰泥，其中轻度掺入了当地的Verrucano碎石，这让房子有了浅粉色的铁质阴影。阁楼、木屋和外墙后退的地方都用垂直刮削的石膏处理。公共区域是由耐用和有价值的材料制成的–黑钢、暴露的混凝土和地板上的水磨石。楼梯和浴室的裸露混凝土强调了房子的某种粗糙性。
The house has external insulation, completed with wood-aluminum windows and it is coated with heavy cement plaster with a light admixture of local crushed Verrucano stone, which gives the house a light pinkish iron shade. The attic, loggias, and places with receding facades are treated with vertically scraped plaster. The common areas are made of durable and valuable materials – black steel, exposed concrete, and terrazzo on the floor. The exposed concrete in the staircase and bathrooms underlines a certain rawness of the house.
建筑物的物质化既指投资者家庭的长期商业传统，也指当地金属工业的背景，以及周围有铁矿的山脉所代表的悠久历史。在公寓的私人区域也采用了同样的统一和耐用的风格。带有耐用花岗岩台面的简约厨房，多层木地板，内置衣柜，米色和浅蓝色的浴室，所有这些都创造了一个可变的空间，满足了住户的不同愿望。
The materialization of the building refers both to the long-term business tradition of the investor’s family together with the context of the local metal industry and its long history represented by the surrounding mountains with iron mines. The same unifying und durable style is used in the private areas of the apartments. The minimalist kitchens with durable granite countertops, multi-layer wooden floors, built-in wardrobes, bathrooms in beige and light blue, all create a variable space fulfilling the diverse wishes of the tenants.
节能元素，可持续性。山区的位置，它与自然的关系，以及生态景观意味着，房子是按照瑞士生态标准 “Minergie “设计的。地源热泵是主要的能源来源。热泵连接在四个地面探头上，并由建筑屋顶的太阳能电力支持。这种能源的收益被用于建筑内或卖回给公共网络。
Energy-efficient elements, sustainability. The mountain location, its relationship to nature, and ecological views meant, that the house is designed in the Swiss ecological standard “Minergie”. The ground source heat pump serves as the main energy source. The heat pump is attached to four ground probes and supported by solar electricity from the roof of the building. Gains from this energy source are used in the building or sold back to the public network.
每个公寓都有可控的通风。新鲜空气从屋顶供应，并通过垂直竖井的热交换器分配到各个公寓。建筑物的内部由室外遮阳网保护，以防止过热。用于室外遮阳的安装盒被隐藏在隔热的外墙上，并被涂上灰泥。空调分配单元被放置在建筑物的天花板上。供气和排气是通过天花板上的通风栅栏实现的。
Individual apartments have controlled ventilation. Fresh air is supplied from the roof level and is distributed to individual apartments via a heat exchanger in vertical shafts. The interior of the building is protected against overheating by outdoor screen shades. Installation boxes for exterior shading are hidden in thermally insulated facades and plastered. Air conditioning distribution units are placed in the ceiling slabs of the building. The supply and exhaust is realized by air ventilation grilles in the ceiling.
Architects: Apropos Architects
Area: 1022 m²
Year: 2020
Photographs: Alex Shoots Buildings
Manufacturers: AS Aufzüge, Archtiles, Dana Türe, Rendl, Teraso, Windowstar
Author, Project Leader:Michal Gabaš
Author:Eva Gabaš Rosenová, Tomáš Beránek
Construction Engineer:Statika3 Patrik Štancl
City:Sargans
Country:Switzerland