从以车为中心到以人为中心–“Gangil 119消防站 “是一个位于Gangil地区的新消防站，该地区是按照首尔市（SMC）的城市设计区规划在城市东南边缘新开发的地区。我们通过关注消防站在当代应该发挥什么作用的问题来进行设计。在研究了首尔现有的在相同建筑条例和方案下建造的消防站后，我们提出了一个关注消防员工作和生活条件质量的消防站。在过去的几十年里，在消防站的设计过程中，占主导地位的是容纳大量消防车的车库成为设计构图的中心，因此，消防员的空间，如办公室和备用房间被视为外围功能。我们的目标是如何克服这些典型的类型，将消防站重新规划为一个为人服务的建筑，同时保持其基本运作良好。
From vehicle-centric to people-centric – The “Gangil 119 Fire station” is a new fire station located in the Gangil area, a newly developed area following the Seoul Metropolitan City(SMC)’s urban design district plan at the southeastern periphery of the city. We approached the design by focusing on the question of what role the fire station should play in contemporary times. After studying existing fire stations built in Seoul under the same building regulations and programs, we proposed a fire station that focuses on the quality of firefighters’ working and living conditions. During the last several decades, it is dominant in the design process for fire stations that a garage to contain a large volume of fire engines becomes the center of the design compositions, thus spaces for firefighters such as offices and standby rooms are treated as periphery functions. Our goal was how to overcome the typical types, by reframing the fire station as a building for people while keeping its fundamental operations run well.
119消防站，消防员的第二个家–通过仔细观察消防站的方案，我们可以发现，不仅是车库和消防设施，消防员吃饭、锻炼、睡觉、休息的日常生活空间也在其中占有很大的比例。根据给定的方案分析，构成 “江格尔119消防站 “的总面积中，约35%是消防车辆和直接训练相关设施的面积，而其余超过65%的面积则是消防员的日常工作和生活空间，如待命室（休息和睡觉的私人空间）、餐厅、洗手间、办公室、餐厅等。
119 fire station, the second home for firefighters – By looking closely at the programs of the fire station, we can find that not only garages and firefighting facilities, but also the daily living spaces of firefighters who eat, exercise, sleep, and rest, also have a large proportion in it. Based on the given program analysis, about 35% of the total area that makes up the “Gangil 119 Fire station” is the area of firefighting vehicles and direct training-related facilities, while the remaining area over 65% consists of the firefighters’ daily work and living spaces such as standby rooms (private spaces for rest and sleeping), restaurants, restrooms, offices, dining room and etc.
这揭示了这样一个事实：在消防局里，作为消防员住宿和居住的第二个家，这个空间的隐藏作用是巨大的。通过会议和调查，我们能够从实地的消防员的各种意见中再次确认这一点。在许多情况下，他们抱怨生活条件的问题，包括由于工作和生活空间面向车库而造成的车辆通风和废气。对消防站的更多相关类型提出质疑，因为我们发现这种建筑类型对人的生活空间有更多的需求，我们试图将 “Gangil 119消防站 “重新规划为以人为本的建筑，提出消防站的新身份。
This reveals the fact that, in the fire station, the hidden role of the space as the second home where firefighters stay and reside is huge. Through meetings and surveys, we were able to reaffirm this from the various opinions of firefighters in the field. In many cases, they complained about the problem of living conditions including ventilation and exhaust gas of the vehicles due to work and living spaces facing the garage. Questioning more relevant types for fire stations as we found more needs for human living space in this building type, we tried to reframe “Gangil 119 Fire station” as a human-centered building, suggesting a new identity for fire stations.
以庭院为中心的生活空间–在 “Gangil 119消防站 “中，将带来光线和微风的庭院作为主要空间，消防车库和人的空间被放置在周围。由于经历了紧张的预算和另一个实现过程，院子变得越来越小，越来越少，但它在项目中的主要存在却得以保留。它作为消防车空间和人的空间之间的桥梁，同时带来了自然和户外空气，可以在人们的日常空间中遇到。
A space for living with a courtyard at the center – In the “Gangil 119 Fire station”, the courtyards to bring light and breeze are placed as the main space, where a fire engine garage and spaces for people are placed around it. The courtyard has become smaller and fewer as it went through tight budgets and another realization process, but its main presence in the project has survived. It serves as a bridge between the space for fire engines and the space for people, at the same time bringing nature and outdoor air that can be encountered in everyday spaces for people.
以院子为中心，快速调度的训练和工作的功能被放置在车库旁边的第一层，作为消防的平台，上面的第二层是生活空间，作为消防员24小时待命和休息的第二居所。在三楼，安排了厨房、餐厅和洗衣房来支持，旁边的天台作为训练和在天空下休息的空间。江格尔119消防站 “不可避免地拥有一个大型车库，以容纳大量的消防车，包括云梯消防车，但在空间构成上却注重消防员的日常生活和他们的生活空间，通过将空间的中心从车辆转移到人身上，让他们在不同层面上享受日光和通风。
Centering on the courtyard, the function of training and working for quick dispatch is placed on the first floor next to the garage and serves as a platform for firefighting, and the second floor above it is a living space as a second home where firefighters are standby 24 hours a day and rest. On the third floor, a kitchen, a dining room, and a laundry room are arranged to support this, and the rooftop next to it serves as a space for training and resting under the sky. The “Gangil 119 Fire station” inevitably has a large garage to accommodate a large number of fire engines, including ladder firefighting vehicles, but the spatial composition is focusing on the firefighters’ daily life and their living spaces with the courtyard and various outdoor terraces at different levels to enjoy daylight and ventilation by shifting the center of the space from the vehicles to the people.
作为呼吸庇护所的119消防站–通过 “Gangil 119消防站”，我们试图通过人的生活空间提出消防站建筑的类型和身份。用白色的镀锌钢板装饰，二楼的消防员个人生活空间有独立的体量，就像聚集在一楼顶部的小房子。用红砖装饰的一楼作为消防演习和调度的平台。构成消防员日常生活的小的个体空间通过赋予消防站单一建筑的集群身份而被集体聚集，并呈现出建筑的特性。
119 fire station as a breathing shelter – With the “Gangil 119 Fire station”, we tried to propose the type and identity of a fire station building through the human living space. Finished with white galvanized steel panels, the individual living spaces for firefighters on the second floor have individual volumes like small houses gathered on top of the first floor. The first floor finished with red brick serves as a platform for firefighting drills and dispatch. Small individual spaces that make up the daily lives of firefighters are gathered collectively by giving a clustered identity to a single building of the fire station and presenting the identity of the building.
待命室等独立生活区之间提供了阳台等户外空间，以鼓励自然采光和通风等基本生活要求。在 “Gangil 119消防站 “中，待命室不再是单纯的功能等候室，而是成为消防员的第二个家，高高的天花板通过屋顶上突出的夹层提供了更多的照明和通风。Gangil 119消防站 “试图将消防站重新规划为一个围绕生活空间组织的建筑，在这里不仅有消防车，还有常驻的消防员可以呼吸和享受大自然。拥抱这一功能的结果是通过赋予首尔119消防站一个新的身份投射到建筑上。
Outdoor spaces such as balconies are provided between the individual living areas such as standby rooms to encourage basic living requirements such as natural lighting and ventilation. In the “Gangil 119 Fire station”, standby rooms are not any more mere functional waiting rooms but become a living space as a second home for firefighters with high ceilings for more lighting and ventilation through the clerestory protruding on top of the roof. The “Gangil 119 Fire station” tries to reframe a fire station as a building organized around a living space where not only fire engines but also resident firefighters can breathe and enjoy nature. The resulting form embracing this function is projected onto the building by giving a new identity of the 119 fire station in Seoul.
用分配给车辆设施的建筑成本建造一个供人居住的空间–经过曲折完成的 “Gangil 119消防站 “试图解决消防站的基本局限性，但同时又以几个缺点完成。在其中的各种原因中，政府对消防站作为公共设施的看法也起到了一定作用。当你看一下首尔市政府制定的建筑成本准则，消防站的建筑成本是219万韩元/平方米，大大低于首尔其他政府设施；一般公民设施（299万韩元/平方米）、公共办公楼（270万韩元/平方米）、社区服务中心（263万韩元/平方米）和公共图书馆（273万韩元/平方米）。相反，建筑成本被设定为与公共停车场（196万韩元/平方米）和停车转运中心（207万韩元/平方米）相当。
Build a space for people to live with construction costs allocated for vehicle facilities – The “Gangil 119 Fire station”, which was completed after twists and turns, was an attempt to solve the fundamental limitations of fire stations, but at the same time completed with several shortcomings. Among the various causes of them, the government’s perspective on fire stations as public facilities also plays a role. When you take a look at the construction cost guideline established by the Seoul Metropolitan Government, the construction cost of fire stations, which is 2.19 million won/m2, is considerably lower than other Seoul government facilities; general civic facilities (2.99 million won/m2), public office buildings (2.70 million won/m2), community service centers (2.63 million won/m2), and public libraries (2.73 million won/m2). Rather, the construction cost has been set comparable to public parking lots (1.96 million won/m2) and parking transfer centers (2. 07 million won/m2).
这种预算差异来自于对人的建筑和车的建筑的不同看法。尽管各参与方做出了努力，但在过去几年中，我们为调查而考察的119座优秀消防站建筑中，有不少存在漏水和装修等施工问题。如果我们把消防站的视野转移到为人服务的建筑上，那么，目前消防站作为车辆的场所，其建筑成本确实令人感到遗憾。为了使公共建筑具有优秀的质量和设计，并确立其作为社会重要基础设施的地位，我们不仅需要有好的设计，还需要有好的社会标准和准则来实现它。
This budget difference comes from the different perspectives about the building for people and the building for vehicles. Despite the efforts of various participants, a number of excellent 119 fire station buildings that had been built in the past few years we have examined for the survey had construction problems such as water leaks and finishes. If we shift our vision for the fire station as a building for people, then the current construction cost for the fire station as a place for vehicles is truly unfortunate. In order for public buildings to have excellent quality and design and to establish themselves as important infrastructures of our society, we need to have not only good design but also good social standards and guidelines to realize it.
Architects: OA-Lab
Area: 974 m²
Year: 2020
Photographs: Jinbo Choi
Manufacturers: Vision Ceramics
Lead Architect: Jungmin Nam
Architect of Record: Kyungyong Lee
Structural Engineers: Thekujo
Electrical Engineers: Cheonil MEC
Drawing:Hongryang Lim
Design Process Assistance:Kyungho Lee
Architects:OA-LAB
City:Gangdong-gu
Country:South Korea