Paraíso Apartament是一个改造项目，位于圣保罗南部Paraíso社区的Olga Ferreira大楼内，面积为123平方米的公寓。尽管该地区的房地产投机活动在不断推进，但仍有可能找到幸存的老式联排别墅和小楼。

Paraíso Apartament is a renovation project for a 123 m2 apartment located in the Olga Ferreira Building, within the Paraíso neighborhood, in south São Paulo. It’s still possible to find old townhouses and small buildings surviving despite the advance in real estate speculation in the region.

这座六层楼的建筑建于1970年，位于Achilles Masetti和Tomás Carvalhal街的拐角处，面向北和西。

The six-floor building was built in 1970, on the corner of Achilles Masetti and Tomás Carvalhal streets, facing north and west.

该公寓位于大楼的第一层，其原始类型为三间卧室（一个套房），三个浴室（一个用于服务），一个客厅，厨房和服务区。尽管天花板很高，面积很大，但空间的分割和分隔不允许自然采光到达面向建筑核心的房间，此外还阻碍了交叉通风。

The apartment is located on the first floor of the building and had an original typology of three bedrooms (one suite), three bathrooms (one for service), a living room, kitchen, and service area. Despite the high ceilings and large square footage, the fragmentation and separation of the space did not allow natural lighting to reach the rooms facing the core of the building, in addition to blocking cross ventilation.

厨房与社交区的整合和客厅的扩展是干预的第一个前提。在拆除过程中，一个倒置的横梁变得很明显，这个横梁以前是建在墙上的，形成了一个卧室和客厅之间的边界，需要考虑一个策略，将这两个被离地面10厘米高的结构元素分开的房间连接起来。

The integration of the kitchen with the social area and expansion of the living room was the first premise for the intervention. An inverted beam that was previously built into the wall and formed the boundary between one of the bedrooms and the living room became apparent during the demolition and required thinking of a strategy that would unite these two rooms separated by the structural element 10 cm high above the floor.

看起来像问题的东西变成了解决方案：倒置的梁支撑着一个轻型木工结构，我们称之为 “连接元素”。作为一个长凳和面向餐厅/客厅的架子，以及一个面向电视室、办公室和走廊的带架子的沙发，这个连接元素在视觉上没有将环境分开，此外还能为空间提供不同类型的拨款和方案。该元素底部的胶合板被切割成与梁的精确尺寸，以适应、拥抱它，并从中获得一个结构。

What looked like a problem became a solution: the inverted beam supported a light woodworking structure, which we dubbed the “connecting element.” Acting as a bench and as shelves facing the dining/living room, and a sofa with a shelf facing the TV room, office, and hallway, the connecting element divides the environments without visually separating them, in addition to enabling different types of appropriations and programs for the spaces. The plywood sheets of the base of the element were cut to the precise size of the beam, in order to fit in, hug it, and gain a structure from it.

对两个套房的需求要求重新考虑服务空间，不再有一个小的、通风不好的、光线不足的卫生间–这是巴西殖民时期的不幸遗产–而是建造一个可以从主套房进入的卫生间，以及一个面向走廊的公用卫生间。

The demand for two suites required rethinking the service space, which no longer had a small, poorly ventilated, and poorly lit bathroom – an unfortunate legacy of colonial Brazil – to the construction of a bathroom with access from the main suite and a common use toilet facing the hallway.

将厨房和服务区隔开的墙用木制和玻璃的推拉窗封闭起来，直到天花板，不仅使公寓在横向上有了视觉上的通透性，而且主要是使照明和自然通风能够充分运作。

The wall that divided the kitchen from the service area was closed with sliding wooden and glass windows up to the ceiling, allowing not only a visual permeability from end to end of the apartment in the transversal direction but mainly allowing the lighting and natural ventilation to fully work.

为了尽可能地减少拆除材料（从而降低建筑成本），我们制定了一项战略，重新利用公寓中已有的材料：实心砖、陶瓷地板、水泥涂料、玻璃砖、不规则的砂浆和混凝土块，以及木质的镶木地板。建筑工地上所有可用的各种材料都应恢复其原有的功能，或被纳入新的用途。新的电力基础设施由裸露的管道组成，以避免在墙壁上切割，从而在施工现场产生更多的拆除材料。入口大厅和服务区原有的铁窗被拆除、修复，并重新安装。

Intending to reduce as much as possible the demolition material (therefore reducing the costs of the construction), a strategy was drawn up to reuse the materials already present in the apartment: solid bricks, ceramic floors, cement coatings, glass brick, irregular blocks of mortars and concrete, and the parquet floor in wood. All the variety of materials available at the construction site should be returned to their original function or be incorporated into a new use. The new electrical infrastructure consisted of exposed conduits, in order to avoid cuts in the walls and consequently greater production of demolition material at the construction site. Original iron windows in the entrance hall and service area were uninstalled, restored, and reinserted.

在小型/中型破碎机的帮助下，有可能在现场生产所有类型的骨料，用于重新应用于底层地板、粗制砂浆、灰泥和饰面、台面和混凝土地板以及瓷砖覆盖。由于没有对原来剥落或损坏的镶木地板进行处置和适当的储存，所以可以完全恢复木地板，而不必用新的部件来代替。

With the help of a small/medium-sized crusher, it was possible to produce all types of aggregate material on-site, for reapplication on subfloors, roughcast mortars, plaster and finishes, countertops, and concrete floors, as well as tile coverings. Thanks to the non-disposal and proper storage of the original peeled or damaged parquet floor, it was possible to completely restore the wooden floor without having to replace it with new parts.

在这个过程中，我们开发了一种适合执行经济实惠的地板和台面的材料，即 “entuhite”，用拆除的材料制成，具有类似于传统水磨石的美感。厨房台面和服务区的结构是用拆除墙壁后的原始实心砖建造的。现有的玻璃砖被安装在分隔盥洗室和主人套房浴室的墙壁上部，为两个房间提供了更大的照明。衬托浴室的旧瓷砖，由于时间的作用而被损坏，它们的拆除（意味着卸载这类敏感材料将构成一个更复杂的过程），成为露台区域的地板和墙面覆盖物。这类似于20世纪50年代和60年代圣保罗的产业工人在他们的房子里开发的一种常见技术的美学。

During the process, we developed a material suitable for the execution of economically accessible floors and countertops, the “entuhite”, made with demolition material and with an aesthetic similar to conventional terrazzo. The structure of the kitchen countertops and the service area was built with original solid bricks from the demolition of the walls. Existing glass bricks were installed on the upper part of the wall that divides the washroom and the bathroom of the master suite, providing greater lighting in both rooms. The old tiles that lined the bathrooms, damaged due to the action of time and their removal (meaning uninstalling this type of sensitive material would constitute a more complex process), served as flooring and wall covering for the terraced areas. This resembles the aesthetics of a common technique developed by the industrial workers in their houses during the 1950s and 1960s in São Paulo.

在工作期间用材料制作几个样品的可能性是确定最合适的技术和美学解决方案的基础。从设计到施工现场有一些来来回回：实验允许不断纠正因建筑形成而产生的缺点，这些缺点仍然是非常概念化的，但不是非常实用。它提供了一种学习经验，从而有可能寻求建筑和施工之间的重合。拆除的方法显示了这一过程是如何被建筑领域所忽视的，它需要反思和提议，以寻求产生更大自主性和自给自足的生产方式。

The possibility of prototyping several samples with the materials during the work was fundamental for defining the most appropriate technical and aesthetic solutions. There were some comings and goings from the design to the construction site: experimentation allows the constant correction of vices resulting from an architecture formation that is still very conceptuall but not very practical. It provides a learning experience with which it is possible to seek the coincidence between architecture and construction. The approach to demolition shows how this process, so fundamental and at the same time so neglected by the field of architecture, needs reflection and proposition, in order to seek ways of producing that generate greater autonomy and self-sufficiency.

由于项目的干预大大改变了以前的空间动态，重新使用原来的材料（具有新的应用和意义，同时仍然恢复构成的记忆）所产生的新的材料性，自然光开始在空间内建立新的空间和时间，并随着时间的推移，人行道上的树梢的慷慨，从窗户进入，现在可以更清楚地看到，给公寓的不同空间某种怀旧的时间，仍然可以体验，但很少预测。

As the project interventions considerably altered the previous spatial dynamics, the new materialities resulting from the reuse of original materials (with new applications and meanings while still revering a memory constituted), the natural light started to build new spaces and times within the spaces and with the passing of the hours, and the generosity of the treetops on the sidewalk that enter through the windows, which can now be seen much more clearly, gave the different spaces of the apartment a certain nostalgia for a time that can still be experienced, but rarely projected.

Architects: Elky Santos, RUÍNA
Area : 123 m²
Year : 2022
Photographs :Lauro Rocha
Engineering, Installations : ACS Empreiteira
Woodwork : WSC Marcenaria
Sawmill Companies : Consping Serralheria
Floors : Aplicadora Colonial
Equipment : Tec Service Máquinas
Floor Finishes : RM Tratamento de Pisos
City : São Paulo
Country : Brazil