清华大学建筑学院徐卫国教授带领的团队自主研发了 “混凝土机器人3D打印移动平台 “和 “混凝土房屋快速建造系统”。近日，这两项技术成果已成功应用于非洲低收入住房样板房的实际打印/建造中，使得一栋真正的3D打印混凝土建筑在清华大学无锡应用技术研究院实验基地落成。

A team from the Tsinghua University School of Architecture led by professor Xu Weiguo has independently researched and developed a “Mobile Platform of Robotic 3D Printing in Concrete” and a “Rapid Construction System for Concrete Houses”. Recently, the two technological achievements have been successfully applied in the actual printing/construction of a model house for low-income housing in Africa, resulting in a genuine 3D printed concrete building being completed at the Experimental Base of Wuxi Research Institute of Applied Technologies Tsinghua University.

“混凝土房屋快速建造系统 “是专门为非洲低收入家庭设计的。房屋面积40㎡，包含门廊、客餐厅、卧室、厨房、卫生间等，可满足4人以内的居住需求。门廊、厨房、卫生间布置在房子的一侧，形成一个长方形的单元；客餐厅和卧室布置在另一侧，中间用轻质隔墙或储物家具将两部分隔开。房屋布局灵活，可根据实际生活需要进行调整。屋顶由两个筒形拱门组成，其中一个比另一个大，分别覆盖了上述空间，同时在下面营造了一个宽敞舒适的室内环境。房子的南面和北面都设置了落地窗，厨房屋顶采用天窗，为室内空间提供了充足的照明。外墙采用当地传统的编织纹理作为装饰，通过机器人三维打印设备将其与墙体结构打印在一起。保温材料浇筑在墙体内部的缝隙中，形成了一个集装饰、结构、保温于一体的外墙系统。该建筑在回应当地文化传统的同时，还带有简洁现代的建筑形象。

The “Rapid Construction System for Concrete Houses” is designed specifically for low-income families in Africa. With an area of 40㎡, the house contains a porch, a guest dining room, bedrooms, a kitchen, and a bathroom, etc., meeting the living demand of up to 4 individuals. The porch, kitchen, and bathroom are arranged on one side of the house, forming a rectangular unit; the guest dining room and bedrooms are arranged on the other, with a light partition wall or storage furniture in the middle separating the two parts. The layout of the house is flexible so that it can adapt to actual living requirements. The roof consists of two-barrel arches, among which one is larger than the other, covering respectively the above-mentioned spaces while creating a spacious and comfortable indoor environment underneath. A Floor-to-ceiling window is installed on both the south and the north side of the house while a skylight is used in the kitchen roof, providing ample lighting for the indoor space. The exterior walls adopted the traditional local woven texture as decoration, which was printed altogether with the wall structure by the robotic 3-D printing equipment. The thermal insulation material is poured into the gap within the wall, forming an integrative exterior wall system with decoration, structure, and insulation all in one. The building comes with a simple and modern architectural image while responding to the local cultural traditions.

“混凝土中机器人三维打印移动平台 “包含一个带有三维打印装置的移动机械臂、一个带有移动升降平台的轨道、一个拖拽悬挂平台等。在三维打印装置中，安装了机械臂和打印前端，并设计了可移动的升降平台。而打印材料、贴合机、搅拌抽气一体机、控制设备等则安装在拖拽-悬挂平台上。为了打印/建造整栋房屋，打印平台只需要两个人在移动平台上按动按钮即可。在大幅度整合和简化混凝土三维打印技术的同时，将打印/施工过程中的人力投入降到最低。该打印平台可以直接在现场打印所有的基座、墙体和屋顶，从而以较低的成本实现快速施工。

The “Mobile Platform of Robotic 3-D Printing in Concrete” contains a mobile robotic arm with a 3-D printing device, a rail with a mobile lift platform, and a dragging-suspending platform, etc. In the 3-D printing device, the robotic arm and the printing front-end are installed and designed to be movable on the lift platform. The printing material, the appending machine, the stirring and pumping all-in-one machine, and the control equipment, on the other hand, are installed on the dragging-suspending platform. In order to print/construct a whole house, the printing platform requires only two persons pushing buttons on the mobile platform. While substantially integrating and simplifying the technique of 3-D printing in concrete, it reduces the human input in the printing/construction process to a minimum. This printing platform enables direct, on-site printing of all bases, walls, and roofs, resulting in rapid construction at a low cost.

目前，徐卫国教授带领的团队已转战河北省张家口市夏花苑区吴家庄村。在那里，他们正在进行中国农村住宅的三维打印/建造实验，特别是对村里的娟子屋进行实际打印。娟子屋是一座五间农舍，其中三间相对来说比另外两间大一些。三间较大的要作为客厅和卧室，以筒形拱门为屋顶。两个小的要作为厨房和卫生间，用平顶。3套移动平台正在用于农家院的印刷，农家院正好位于3个较大的舱位中间。房子的底座、墙体、屋顶都在现场同时印刷。目前，还在建设中。

Currently, the team led by professor Xu Weiguo has moved on to Wujiazhuang Village in Xiahuayuan District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. There they are conducting a 3-D printing/construction experiment for dwellings in rural China, specifically on the actual printing of the Juanzi House in the village. The Juanzi House is a five-bay farmhouse in which three are relatively larger than the other two. The three larger ones are to function as living room and bedrooms with barrel arches as their roof. The two smaller ones are to serve as kitchen and bathroom with a flattop. 3 sets of mobile platforms are being used in the printing of the farmhouse, which is located right in the middle of the 3 larger bays. The base, walls, and roof of the house are being printed on-site simultaneously. Currently, it is still under construction.

扶贫攻坚和农村重建是我国当前社会发展的重要任务。然而，我们目前的农村重建大多只是实现了公共环境的改善，如道路的建设和修缮、市政管线的铺设、民房的外立面重新装修等。事实上，这些农村房屋的生活空间和室内居住条件仍然没有得到实质性的改造。而 “混凝土机器人三维打印移动平台 “和 “混凝土房屋快速施工系统 “则可以将农村房屋逐一重建，有机更新，因此大大促进了农村房屋建设。

Poverty Alleviation and rural reconstruction are important tasks for our current social development. However, most of our current rural reconstruction merely achieved improvements in the public environment, such as road construction and repair, laying of municipal pipelines, facade redecoration of residential houses, and so on. The fact of the matter is, living spaces and indoor living conditions of these rural houses remain without any substantial transformation. The “Mobile Platform of Robotic 3-D Printing in Concrete” and the “Rapid Construction System for Concrete Houses” on the other hand, can rebuild rural houses one-by-one in an organic renewal fashion, therefore significantly contribute to the rural housing construction.

建筑师：徐卫国教授团队
面积: 40 m²
年份：2020年
摄影作品：清华大学XWG Archi工作室，刘一鹏
负责建筑师：徐卫国
设计团队：徐卫国、高远、孙晨伟、王志、何玉婷、赵夏雨、韩东、张志凌、崔芳
城市：无锡
国家：中国
Architects: Professor XU Weiguo’s Team
Area: 40 m²
Year: 2020
Photographs: XWG Archi Studio at Tsinghua University, Yipeng Liu
Architect In Charge:Weiguo Xu
Design Team:Weiguo Xu, Yuan Gao, Chenwei Sun, Zhi Wang, Yuting He, Xiayu Zhao, Dong Han, Zhiling Zhang, Fang Cui
City:Wuxi
Country:China