设计和功能。水滴是一个完全透明的亭子，类似于一个静止的水滴。该结构是一个工程化的自支撑穹顶，可以作为花园亭子、温室、移动展览馆、休闲空间等。水滴的诞生是出于一个愿望，即创造一个高质量的现代替代传统的玻璃温室，虽然有一个坚固和防震的外墙的好处。水滴由6毫米的透明聚碳酸酯板组成。这些板材是用不锈钢螺母和螺栓组装起来的，这使得建造和拆卸都很容易和快速。该结构的曲率是由平板的菱形形状和重叠的板材之间的小孔以一种可控的方式移动而产生的。外墙的曲率给了展馆难以置信的强度，这使得简单而薄的外墙不需要内部承重墙或钢架。
Design and functionality. The droplet is a fully transparent pavilion resembling a resting water droplet. The structure is an engineered self-supporting dome, which can function as a garden pavilion, greenhouse, mobile exhibition pavilion, recreational space, etc. The droplet is born out of a desire to create a high-quality contemporary alternative to traditionally glazed greenhouses, though with the benefit of a sturdy and shockproof facade. The droplet consists of sheets in transparent 6mm polycarbonate. The sheets are assembled with stainless steel nuts and bolts which allows for an easy and fast build and disassembly. The curvature of the structure is generated by the rhombus shapes of the flat sheets and by displacing the holes slightly between the overlapping sheets in a controlled manner. The curvature of the facade gives the pavilion incredible strength, which allows for the simple and thin facade without the need for internal load-bearing walls or steel frames.
为了达到所需的精度，板材采用了数控铣削，其尺寸也充分利用了制造商提供的标准尺寸聚碳酸酯板材。由于采用了椭圆形的轮廓和圆形的占地面积，该设计最大限度地利用了可用的地板空间，并沿着外墙的内缘获得了站立高度。聚碳酸酯板被设计成鱼鳞状重叠，保持结构的防风和防水，不需要密封或填缝剂。水滴可以根据个人需求进行定制–从基础类型到尺寸、遮阳、立面解决方案、透明度水平和内部布局。举例来说，水滴可以被定制，水滴可以安装铝门或木门，以及延伸到地下50厘米的PEHD热塑性地基环，以防止啮齿动物。铝门和地基的颜色可以变化。
In order to reach the required precision, CNC-milling is used for the sheets, which are also dimensioned to take full advantage of standard-sized polycarbonate sheets from the manufacturer. With an oval profile and circular footprint, the design maximizes available floor space and gains standing height along the inside rim of the facade. The polycarbonate sheets are designed to overlap in a fish scale fashion, keeping the structure wind and waterproof, without the need for seals or caulk. The droplet can be tailored to accommodate individual needs – from the type of foundation to size, shading, facade solution, transparency level, and interior layout. To give examples as to how the droplet can be tailored, the droplet can be fitted with aluminum or wooden doors and a PEHD thermoplastic foundation ring extended 50cm into the ground to keep rodents at bay. Colors can be varied on the aluminum doors and the foundation.
外墙的主要选择是6毫米的防紫外线聚碳酸酯，但也有半透明的U型槽板、各种颜色的实心板甚至胶合板的聚碳酸酯外墙。可以在水滴上加一个遮阳篷，以便在晴天时提供遮阳。米白色的棉质遮阳篷将有多种尺寸可供选择，并可通过外墙内侧的不锈钢钩子轻松地连接到水滴上。同样的系统可用于棉质帐篷，提供隐私，并允许人们将亭子作为客房使用。 帐篷可以安装一个由CLT（交叉层压木材）制成的底座。底座由3个互锁件组成，确保水滴在暴风雨天气中保持接地，并创造一个即时的地板。如果水滴被用作商业用途的移动展览馆，这种类型的基础是一个理想的解决方案。
The primary choice for the facade is a 6mm UV-protective polycarbonate, but polycarbonate facades in translucent U-channel sheets, solid sheets in a variety of colors or even sheets in plywood is available. It is possible to add an awning to the droplet to provide shade on sunny days. The off white cotton awning will be available in several sizes and is easily attached to the droplet with stainless steel hooks on the inside of the facade. The same system can be used for a cotton tent, providing privacy and allows one to use the pavilion as a guest house. The droplet can be fitted with a base made of CLT (Cross Laminated Timber). The base consists of 3 interlocking pieces and ensures that the droplet is kept grounded during stormy weather and creates an instant flooring. This type of foundation is an ideal solution if the droplet is to be used as a mobile exhibition pavilion for commercial use.
设计过程。对于Kristoffer Tejlgaard个人来说，对穹顶的迷恋，起初是对美国建筑师Buckminster Fuller和他关于生态设计的想法的迷恋。自从Kristoffer于2011年在罗斯基勒艺术节上搭建了他的第一个大地穹顶后，其他几个大地穹顶已经被添加到组合中。早期的一个项目，Dome of Visions是一个测地类型的建筑。这是一种工程方法，通过刻意协调材料的压缩力和拉伸力，人们可以创造出坚固、结实但仍然细腻的设计。今天，大地穹顶在建筑史上占有一席之地，部分原因在于巴克米斯特-富勒。在50年代和60年代，富勒在他的作品中使用了测地圆顶结构，并在理论上提出了建造圆顶的最佳几何方法。直到最近，调查才发现他在建筑中使用的几何图形源于自然。
Design process. For Kristoffer Tejlgaard personally, the fascination with domes, at first geodesics, started with the American architect Buckminster Fuller and his ideas about ecological design. Since Kristoffer erected his first geodesic dome at Roskilde Festival in 2011, several other geodesics has been added to the portfolio. An earlier project, Dome of Visions is a construction of the geodesic type. A method of engineering with which one can create strong and sturdy, but still delicate designs, by deliberately orchestrating the compressive and tensile forces of materials. Today, the geodesic dome occupies a place in the history of architecture, partly due to Buckmister Fuller. During the fifties and sixties, Fuller used the geodesic dome structure in his work and theorized on geometrically optimal ways in which to construct domes. It was not until recently that investigations revealed that the geometry he used in architecture originated from nature.
因此，富勒给碳分子家族起了一个名字，分子c60是其中的一部分。它们今天被称为 “Buckyballs “或 “Fullerenes”。富勒预见到了我们今天所面临的资源稀缺问题。这使他呼吁进行 “设计革命”，使我们所有人都能用更少的资源做更多的事情。根据富勒的观点，提高资源效率的一个来源是智能建筑。富勒与新成立的嬉皮士社区分享了这一建筑观点，他们利用他的几何学知识，着手建造廉价和资源节约型的房屋。因此，大地穹顶在今天被认为是另类建筑的一个标志。巴克明斯特-富勒的遗产在位于哥本哈根的建筑工作室Atelier Kristoffer Tejlgaard的哲学中继续存在。
Fuller, therefore, gave a name to the family of carbon molecules of which the molecule c60 is a part. They are today known as “Buckyballs” or “Fullerenes”. Fuller foresaw the scarcity of resources we are facing today. This made him call for “a design revolution” which could enable all of us to do more with fewer resources. According to Fuller, one source of improved resource efficiency was intelligent constructions. Fuller shared this perspective on architecture with newly established hippie communities who tapped into his knowledge of geometry and set out to construct cheap and resource-efficient houses. The geodesic dome is therefore considered an icon of alternative architecture today. The legacy of Buckminster Fuller lives on in the philosophy at the Copenhagen-based architecture studio, Atelier Kristoffer Tejlgaard.
在这一传统的基础上，AKT在建筑方法上不断挑战既定的建筑业，并旨在不断实验，以优化我们在建筑中的资源消耗方式。为此，有几种方法。具体来说，就水滴而言，设计留下了大地穹顶的几何原理，希望满足现代工业生产方式和材料尺寸，同时保留高审美质量。通过三维建模，有可能产生一个基于菱形的几何形状，更适合工业生产。与基于五边形和六边形的大地穹顶结构相比，这种几何形状的材料浪费可以减少约30%。除了上述特性外，液滴还被设计为可拆卸。这样，当展馆不再有用途时，结构中使用的所有材料可以很容易地被回收利用。
Building on this legacy, AKT keeps challenging the established construction industry in their approach to architecture and aims to keep experimenting in order to optimize the way we consume resources in our buildings. For this end, there are several approaches. Specifically, in relation to the droplet, the design leaves the geometric principles of the geodesic dome, with a desire to meet modern industrial production methods and material dimensions, while retaining high aesthetic quality. Through 3D-modelling, it was possible to generate a geometry based on rhombuses, more suited for industrial production. With this geometry, the material waste could be reduced by approx. 30% compared to a geodesic dome structure based on pentagons and hexagons. Along with the above-mentioned properties, the droplet is designed for disassembly. This way, all the materials used in the structure can easily be recycled when the pavilion no longer serves a purpose.
虽然从半球形到椭圆形提供了一些优势，如沿外墙内缘的全部站立高度，但它也在设计阶段带来了新的挑战。水滴所需的板材尺寸与标准的聚碳酸酯板材相适应，以便充分利用这种材料的优势。由于板材是由平坦的聚碳酸酯挤压而成，而不是由弯曲的聚碳酸酯浇铸而成，因此，在保留建筑所需的强度和沿外墙的美丽弧线的同时，我们可以在多大程度上推动曲率是有限制的。解决这个问题的方法是通过细分板材的方式来实现所需的弧度，同时尽可能减少材料的浪费。在看到在1:20比例的模型中几何形状的物理表现，并达到概念证明你可以在不破坏的情况下弯曲单个板材的程度后，全比例的原型建成。
While going from a hemisphere to an oval form provides several advantages, such as full standing height along the inside rim of the facade, it also poses new challenges in the design phase. The desired sheet sizes for the droplet is adapted to standard polycarbonate sheets, in order to take full advantage of the material. As the sheets are created from flat extruded polycarbonate and not curved cast polycarbonate, there is a limit to how much one can push the curvature while retaining required strength for the construction and a beautiful curved line along the facade. The way this issue was resolved was by subdividing the sheets in a manner that gave the desired curvature while creating the least possible waste of material. After seeing a physical manifestation of the geometry working in a 1:20 scale model and reaching proof of concept as to how much you can bend the individual sheets without a breach, the prototype in full scale built.
Architects: Atelier Kristoffer Tejlgaard
Area: 25 m²
Year: 2018
Photographs: Niels Gammelgaard
Manufacturers: Würth, Arla plast, AutoDesSys, Markant A/S
Lead Architect: Kristoffer Tejlgaard
Collaborators:Markant A/S
City:Copenhagen
Country:Denmark